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Biology > Lesson 2 > Flashcards

Lesson 2 Flashcards

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1
Q

How many protons & electrons does water have ?

A

10 protons
10 electrons
Neutral

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2
Q

What charges does H2O have ?

A

Partial negative charge and partial positive charge

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3
Q

A molecule in which the charges are unevenly distributed is said to be ….

A

“Polar”

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4
Q

Why can polar molecules like water attract each other ?

A

Because of their partial positive and partial negative charges

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5
Q

What is a hydrogen bond ?

A

Attraction between hydrogen atom with partial positive and partial negative charge

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6
Q

What are the most common partially negative atoms involved in hydrogen bonding

A

Oxygen, nitrogen, fluorine

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7
Q

Where is the negative pole in the water molecule ?

A

Near the oxygen atom

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8
Q

Where is the positive pole of the water molecule located ?

A

Between the hydrogen atoms

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9
Q

What is water able to do because it is a polar molecule ?

A

Form multiple hydrogen bonds

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10
Q

What is cohesion ?

A

Attraction between molecules of the same substance

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11
Q

What causes water molecules to be drawn together

A

Cohesion

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12
Q

What does cohesion produce ?

A

Surface tension

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13
Q

What is adhesion ?

A

Attraction between molecules of different substances

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14
Q

What is heat capacity ?

A

Amount of heat energy required to increase temperature.

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15
Q

What is a mixture ?

A

Material composed of two or more elements or compounds physically mixed together but not chemically combined.

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16
Q

What is an example of a mixture ?

A

Sugar and sand ; salt and pepper

17
Q

What are two mixtures that can be made with water ?

A

Solutions suspensions

18
Q

What is a solution ?

A

Mixture when components are evenly distributed

19
Q

What is an example of a solution ?

A

Table salt and water

20
Q

What is a solute ?

A

Substance that is dissolved in solvent (salt)

21
Q

What is a solvent ?

A

Substance in which the solute dissolves (water)

22
Q

Water is polar so it can dissolve what ?

A

Ionic compounds and other polar molecules

23
Q

What is the greatest solvent on earth ?

A

Water

24
Q

When is a solution saturated ?

A

When a given amount of water has dissolved all of the solute it can.

25
Q

What is a molecule that does not dissolve but instead separates into smaller pieces ?

A

Suspensions

26
Q

What are the most important biological fluids ?

A

Suspensions and solutions

27
Q

What is formed when water molecules split apart ?

A

Ions

28
Q

What does the pH scale indicate ?

A

The amount of hydrogen ions in a solution

29
Q

What does pH stand for ?

A

Power of the hydrogen atom

30
Q

What does below 7 on the oH scale indicate ?

A

Acidic

31
Q

What does above 7 on the pH scale indicate ?

A

Base of alkaline & corrosive

32
Q

What is 7 on the pH scale ?

A

Neutral

33
Q

What is an acid ?

A

Compound that forms hydrogen ion in solution

34
Q

What is a base ?

A

Compound that produces hydroxide ions in solution

35
Q

Why are buffers ?

A

Weak acids or bases that can react with strong acids or bases to prevent sudden changes.

Biology (13 decks)

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