Lesson 3 Flashcards
What are the 3 Classic Approach Branches to Management
- Scientific Management (Fredrick Taylor)
- Administrative principles (Henri Fayol)
- Bureaucratic Organization (Max Weber)
Frederick Taylor’s principles of Scientific Management:
- Develop a “science” that includes rules of motion, standardized work implements, and proper working conditions for every job
- Carefully select workers with the right abilities for the job
- Carefully train workers to do the job and give them incentives
to cooperate with the job “science” - Support workers by carefully planning their task and by
smoothing the way as they do their work
Henri Fayol’s Administrative Principles:
- Foresight: to complete a plan of action for the future
- Organization: to provide and mobilize resources to implement the plan
- Command: to lead, select, and evaluate workers to get the best work toward the plan
- Coordination: to fit diverse efforts together and ensure information is shared and problems solved
- Control: to make sure things happen according to plan
and to take necessary corrective action
(similar to the management process)
Max Weber’s Bureaucratic Organization:
- An ideal, intentionally rational, and very efficient form of
organization - Based on principles of logic, order, and legitimate authority
- Believed that it would use resources more efficiently and treat
employees more fairly
What are the 5 Foundations in the Behavioral Approaches:
- Theory X and Y
- Hawthorne studies
- Organizations as communities
- Theory of human needs
- Personality and Organization
Mary Parker Follett’s Organizations as Communities:
- Groups allow individuals to combine their talents for a greater good
- Organizations are cooperating “communities” of managers and workers
- Managers job is to help and support
Elton Mayo et al.’s Hawthorne studies:
- Pleasant “human relations” lead to higher productivity
- Social and human factors are keys to productivity
- Hawthorne effect — people who are singled out for special attention perform as expected
Maslow’s hierarchy of Human needs:
Lower-Order needs:
1. Social needs
2. Safety needs
3. Phycological needs
Higher-Order needs:
1. Esteem needs
2. Self-actualization needs
Deficit principle (Self-actualization):
A satisfied needs is not a motivator of behavior - people try to satisfy deprived needs
Progression principle (Self-actualization):
A need becomes a motivator once the preceding lower-level need is satisfies - people try to satisfy these needs in sequence
McGregors Theory X assumes that workers:
- Dislike work
- Lack ambition
- Are irresponsible
- Resist change
- Prefer to be led
McGregors Theory Y assumes that workers are:
- Willing to work hard
- Willing to accept responsibility
- Capable of self control
- Capable of self-direction
- Imaginative and creative
Theory ___ managers create situations where workers become dependent and reluctant
X
Theory ___ managers create situations where workers respond with initiative and high performance
Y
Argyris’s theory of adult personality:
- Classical management principles and practices inhibit worker
maturation and are inconsistent with the mature adult
personality (e.g., independence, initiative, and self-actualization) - Psychological success occurs when people define own goals
