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NDAP NAVDEN 101 Unit 2: Basic Dental Science > Lesson 2.5: Infection Control > Flashcards

Lesson 2.5: Infection Control Flashcards

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1
Q

A technique to prevent disease-producing microorganisms from spreading

A

Aseptic Technique

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2
Q

The use of rubber, plastic, foil. or other fluid-resistant materials to cover surfaces and protect from contamination

A

Barrier Technique

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3
Q

Present in human blood and are disease-causing microorganisms
Examples: Bacteria, Viruses, Protozoa, and Fungi

A

Bloodborne Pathogen

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4
Q

The presence or expected presence of potentially infectious material

A

Contaminated

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5
Q

OPIM stands for

A

Other Potentially Infectious Material

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6
Q

PPE stands for

A

Personal Protective Equipment

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7
Q

OSHA stands for

A

Occupational Safety and Health Administration

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8
Q

The department that sets forth the specific requirements that are believed to prevent the transmission of bloodborne infectious material or OPIM to employees

A

OSHA

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9
Q

Singe-celled tiny organisms only seen with a microscope

A

Microorganisms

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10
Q

Microorganisms consist of how many major organism groups

A

Five

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11
Q

An organism that transmits a pathogen

A

Vector

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12
Q

Capable of producing disease in a host

A

Infectious Microorganism

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13
Q

Liquid or semi-liquid blood or OPIM

A

Infectious Waste

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14
Q

Contaminated sharps, saliva, extracted teeth, and blood-soaked gauze are examples of this

A

Infectious Waste

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15
Q

Infection acquired in a healthcare facility, such as Methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus Aureus (MRSA) or mycobacterium tuberculosis

A

Nosocomial Infection

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16
Q

The three types of classifications in Spaulding’s Classification

A
  1. Critical
  2. Semi-critical
  3. Noncritical
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17
Q

Examples of Critical Items in Spaulding’s Classifications

A

Surgical instruments, periodontal knives, suture, and needles that penetrate skin, mucous membranes, and bone.

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18
Q

TRUE OR FALSE:

Critical Items in Spaulding’s Classifications MUST be sterilized

A

True

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19
Q

Examples of Semi-critical Items in Spaulding’s Classifications

A

Radiographic positioning devices and plastic impression trays, which contact mucous membranes

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20
Q

TRUE OR FALSE:

Semi-critical Items in Spaulding’s Classifications REQUIRE high-level disinfection AND MUST be sterilized

A

False

High-level disinfection is required but CAN be sterilized

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21
Q

Examples of Noncritical Items in Spaulding’s Classifications

A

Dental unit, chair, and working surfaces, that have no penetration or contact with mucous membranes, but are exposed to splatter, sprays, splashing, blood and contaminated hands.

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22
Q

TRUE OR FALSE:

Noncritical Items in Spaulding’s Classifications REQUIRE high-level disinfection

A

False:

Intermediate-level disinfection is required

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23
Q

Any surgical entry into tissues, cavities, and organs. Causes manipulation, cutting, or removal of any oral or perioral tissue

A

Invasive Procedures

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24
Q

Exposure from blood or OPIM

A

Exposure Incident

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25
Q

Despite PPE, exposure of skin, eye, mucous membrane, or parenteral exposure to blood or OPIM resulting from performing duties

A

Occupational Exposure

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26
Q

Inflammation of the liver

A

Hepatitis

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27
Q

Symptoms of Hepatitis

A
  1. Loss of appetite
  2. Nausea
  3. Vomiting
  4. Jaundice
  5. Fever
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28
Q

The three major types of Hepatitis

A
  1. Hepatitis A (HAV)
  2. Hepatitis B (HBV)
  3. Hepatitis C (HCV)
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29
Q

Type of Hepatitis with the highest rate of transmission

A

Hepatitis B

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30
Q

Type of Hepatitis most commonly acquired through contaminated food and water

A

Hepatitis A

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31
Q

TRUE OR FALSE:

Hepatitis A has a vaccination

A

True

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32
Q

Type of Hepatitis transmitted by body fluids, saliva, needle use, and sexual contact; may also result in prolonged illness, the destruction of liver cells and death

A

Hepatitis B

33
Q

TRUE OR FALSE:

Hepatitis B does NOT have a vaccination

A

False

34
Q

Similar to Hepatitis B and can also be transmitted through body fluids, saliva, needles, and sex

A

Hepatitis C

35
Q

TRUE OR FALSE:

Hepatitis C has a vaccination

A

False

36
Q

TRUE OR FALSE:

HBV vaccination is required for dental personnel

A

True

37
Q

This infection primarily involves bacteria attacking the lungs by inhalation of highly infectious droplets, which are aerosolized by coughing

A

Tuberculosis (TB)

38
Q

This infection is the leading cause of death from infectious diseases worldwide

A

Tuberculosis (TB)

39
Q

A condition that destroys the body’s immune system, making the individual susceptible to life-threating opportunistic infections such as tuberculosis or cancers

A

Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV)

40
Q

Where vector lives or reproduces

A

Susceptible Host/Reservoir

41
Q

Four categories of Susceptible Host/Reservoir

A
  1. Living Body
  2. Body of Water
  3. Surface
  4. Food
42
Q

Ways in which microorganisms leave the body to cause infection

A

Portal of Exit

43
Q

The five Modes of Transmission

A
  1. Direct (the first possible method of transmission)
  2. Indirect
  3. Splash/spatter
  4. Airborne
  5. Parental (puncture or skin tear)
44
Q

Mode of Transmission: A direct person to person contact with mucous membranes and/or non-intact skin; common mode for sexually transmitted diseases

A

Direct

45
Q

Mode of Transmission: Contact with contaminated instruments, equipment, and environmental surfaces (i.e. dirty countertops)

A

Indirect

46
Q

Mode of Transmission: Contact with blood, saliva or other body fluids onto unbroken or non-intact skin/mucosa

A

Splash/splatter

47
Q

Mode of Transmission: Microorganisms that are suspended in air, or carried through air and ventilation systems, or contact with aerosols containing saliva, blood, and microorganisms created by use of high-speed handpiece or air/water syringe

A

Airborne

48
Q

Mode of Transmission: Needle sticks, human bites, cuts, abrasions or any break in the skin

A

Parental (puncture or skin tear)

49
Q

The means of entering host/reservoir

A

Portal of Entry

50
Q

This is capable of causing disease

A

Pathogenic microorganisms

51
Q

Three factors that influence a pathogen’s capability

A
  1. Host Resistance
  2. Virulence
  3. Concentration
52
Q

The ability of the body to resist the pathogen

A

Host Resistance

53
Q

The ability of the pathogen to overcome the body’s defense and cause disease

A

Virulence

54
Q

The amount of viruses present

A

Concentration

55
Q

TRUE OR FALSE:

Healthier human hosts may be more resistant to a particular viral infection

A

True

56
Q

A group of one-celled microorganisms enclosed by a cell wall

A

Bacteria

57
Q

Classification: Bacteria that require oxygen to grow

A

Aerobes

58
Q

Classification: Bacteria that are destroyed by oxygen and will only grow in its absence

A

Anaerobes

59
Q

Classification: Bacteria that can grow in either the presence or absence of oxygen

A

Facultative anaerobes

60
Q

Classification: Bacteria that may prevent antibiotics from working and are generally virulent (capable of causing serious disease)

A

Capsules

61
Q

Microorganisms that are much smaller than bacteria and cannot live long or reproduce outside the living host

A

Viruses

62
Q

Microorganisms that invade the host cell, replicate, and then destroy the host cell, which releases more of itself into the body

A

Viruses

63
Q

Single-celled animals that can survive freely in nature and are spread by a carrier

A

Protozoa

64
Q

This type of microorganism is mostly harmless and lives on dead organic matter or bacteria

A

Protozoa

65
Q

Free-living microorganisms that lack chlorophyll. They are smaller than protozoa

A

Fungi

66
Q

The humans’ built-in disease-fighting mechanism

A

Disease Immunity

67
Q

Two types of Disease Immunities

A
  1. Inherited

2. Acquired

68
Q

Two types of Acquired Immunities

A
  1. Natural

2. Artificial

69
Q

Type of Disease Immunity:

When antibodies are formed while fighting against active pathogens

A

Naturally Acquired

70
Q

Type of Disease Immunity:
When weakened disease-causing organisms are injected into the body, which causes antibodies to pathogens to build up in the body

A

Artificially Acquired

71
Q

To treat all blood and OPIM as infected with bloodborne pathogens and decrease infection transmission through engineering and workplace controls

A

(Standard) Universal Precautions

72
Q

Equipment or materials that isolate to prevent exposures

A

Engineering Controls

73
Q

Removing sharps prior to pre-cleaning DTR, directing patient to swish antibacterial mouthwash prior to procedures, and proper handwashing are examples of

A

Workplace Controls

74
Q

Method of cleaning and disinfecting DTR

A

Spray-Wipe-Spray

75
Q

Free from all living microorganisms

A

Sterile

76
Q

The process that destroys all microorganisms

A

Sterilization

77
Q

Required when preparing for patient treatment, during treatment, and after patient dismissal

A

Aseptic Techniques

78
Q

Steps to report exposure to contaminated sharps

A
  1. Stop procedures and step out immediately
  2. Milk and wash site
  3. Report to your supervisor
79
Q

Derives from retraction of contaminated water and saliva through dental handpiece or three-way syringe or bacterial growth in water lines where stagnant water loses chlorine potency and bacteria may multiply and become pathogenic

A

Water’s Microbial Contamination

NDAP NAVDEN 101 Unit 2: Basic Dental Science (5 decks)

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