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NDAP NAVDEN 101 Unit 2: Basic Dental Science > Lesson 2.4: Oral Conditions and Injuries > Flashcards

Lesson 2.4: Oral Conditions and Injuries Flashcards

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1
Q

What is oral pathology

A

The study of diseases that affect the mouth

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2
Q

Inflammation of the gingiva

A

Gingivitis

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3
Q

Signs and symptoms of plaque-induced gingivitis

A
  1. Swelling (edema)
  2. Redness
  3. Increased heat
  4. Loss of stippled appearance
  5. Bleeding
  6. Occasional pain
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4
Q

Causes of plaque-induced gingivitis

A

Plaque and calculus formation due to:

  1. Improper brushing
  2. Flossing
  3. Mouth breathing
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5
Q

Characteristics of plaque-induced gingivitis

A
  1. Gingiva appears shiny due to the added fluid

2. Bright red from increased blood flow due to the swelling of the gingival margin

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6
Q

Treatment of plaque-induced gingivitis

A

Completely remove the supragingival and subgingival irritants through oral prophylaxis (teeth cleaning) and oral hygiene instructions

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7
Q

Types of Hormonal-influenced Gingival Disease

A
  1. Puberty-associated gingivitis
  2. Pregnancy-associated gingivitis
  3. Menstrual cycle gingivitis
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8
Q

Characteristics of Hormonal-influenced Gingival Disease

A

Gingiva having an exaggerated response to plaque, reflected by:

  1. Intense inflammation
  2. Redness
  3. Edema
  4. Enlargement of the gingiva with no bone loss at the time
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9
Q

This is also known as “Trenchmouth” or “Vincent’s Disease”

A

Necrotizing Ulcerative Gingivitis (NUG)

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10
Q

A bacterial infection where the tissue of the interdental papilla is dead or dying

A

Necrotizing Ulcerative Gingivitis (NUG)

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11
Q

This name came into effect in WWI when soldiers who were down fox holes and trenches didn’t have access to basic oral hygiene aids to take care of their teeth, causing disease.

A

Trenchmouth

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12
Q

Causes of Necrotizing Ulcerative Gingivitis

A
  1. Prolonged poor oral hygiene
  2. Poor nutrition
  3. Fatigue
  4. Emotional Stress
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13
Q

Characteristics of Necrotizing Ulcerative Gingivitis

A
  1. Malaise
  2. Severe bad breath
  3. Gray or yellow-gray ulcers
  4. Difficult brushing or chewing
  5. Highly inflamed gingiva that bleeds easily
  6. Fever
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14
Q

An indefinite feeling of debility or lack of health often indicated of or accompanying the onset of an illness

A

Malaise

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15
Q

Treatment of Necrotizing Ulcerative Gingivitis

A
  1. Reassure the patient
  2. Doctor may also prescribe antibiotics within 24 to 48 hours
  3. Gentle debridement (removing the worst of the plaque and calculus) once acute inflammation has subsided
  4. A mouth rinse, such as Chlorhexidine
  5. Proper rest, diet, and exercise
  6. Elimination of smoking, carbonated drinks, and alcoholic beverages advised
  7. Home care instructions are given and the patient re-appointed a follow-up
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16
Q

Cause of Drug-influenced Gingival Enlargement

A

Result from systemic drug use (a systemic drug affects a specific system of the body)

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17
Q

Mouth-breathing and heredity can aggravate this condition

A

Drug-influenced Gingival Enlargement

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18
Q

Characteristics of Drug-influenced Gingival Enlargement

A

Gingiva that looks fibrous, but there is no redness or pain present

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19
Q

Treatment of Drug-influenced Gingival Enlargement

A

Surgical excision of the extra tissues

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20
Q

Who is able to surgically excise extra tissue caused by Drug-influenced Gingival Enlargement

A

A dentist

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21
Q

Inflammation of the gingiva that involves the crest of the alveolar bone and the periodontal ligament above the alveolar crest

A

Periodontitis

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22
Q

Cause of Periodontitis

A

Untreated marginal gingivitis

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23
Q

Inflammation of the gingiva around a partially erupted tooth; pathogens and plaque get underneath the flap causing an infection

A

Pericoronitis

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24
Q

Pericoronitis usually affects which tooth

A

Mandibular third molars

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25
Q

Also known as dry socket

A

Post-extraction Alveolar Osteitis

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26
Q

Occurs when a blood clot fails to form or washes out of the socket from a recently extracted tooth

A

Post-extraction Alveolar Osteitis

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27
Q

Treatment of Post-extraction Alveolar Osteitis

A
  1. Gently rinse the socket with warm saline solution

2. Moisten a small strip of iodoform gauze with eugenol and loosely pack socket

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28
Q

A condition associated with the overgrowth of bone

A

Tori

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29
Q

TRUE OR FALSE:

Herpes Simplex Virus is highly contagious

A

True

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30
Q

Causes of outbreaks in Herpes Simplex Virus

A
  1. Stress
  2. Fever
  3. Illness
  4. Injury
  5. Exposure to sunlight
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31
Q

Type of Herpes Simplex Virus associated with fever blisters or cold sores

A

HSV 1

32
Q

TRUE OR FALSE: Herpes Simplex Virus (HSV) 1 can be transferred to genitals

A

True

33
Q

Length of time it takes Herpes Simplex Virus (HSV) 1 to heal

A

7-14 days

34
Q

This type of Herpes Simplex Virus is most commonly found on genitals

A

HSV 2

35
Q

This type of Herpes Simplex Virus is most commonly contracted through sexual contact

A

HSV2

36
Q

TRUE OR FALSE:

Aphthous Ulcers/Canker Sores are contagious

A

False

37
Q

Causes of Aphthous Ulcers/Canker Sores

A
  1. Trauma
  2. Infection
  3. Auto-immune diseases
38
Q

Length of time it takes Aphthous Ulcers/Canker Sores to heal

A

7-10 days

39
Q

This is caused by the irritation of oral mucosa

A

Leukoplakia

40
Q

Type of Leukoplakia most commonly caused by the use of smokeless tobacco products

A

Precancerous Leukoplakia

41
Q

Type of Leukoplakia most commonly associated with HIV/AIDS

A

Hairy Leukoplakia

42
Q

Bacteria waste products and food debris combine to form a sticky substance. This is known as

A

Plaque

43
Q

Causes of Tooth Decay (Caries)

A
  1. Activity of bacteria and acids in dental plaque
  2. Poor oral hygiene
  3. Diet high in sugar intake
  4. Plaque buildup in sheltered areas between the teeth (mesial and distal)
  5. Defects in the teeth
44
Q

Three factors that determine the destructive progression of Tooth Decay (Caries)

A
  1. Oral Hygiene
  2. Diet
  3. Resistance of the tooth surface to acid
45
Q

Effect of Tooth Decay (Caries)

A

Pain from local irritants or decay approaching the pulp

46
Q

How may Tooth Decay (Caries) appear on dental radiographic/images

A

Radiolucent or black

47
Q

Treatment of Tooth Decay (Caries)

A

Completely remove the decay (caries) and replace it with a restoration

48
Q

Treatment of Tooth Decay (Caries) that have not gone beyond the enamel layer tooth

A

May be able to be treated with mouth rinses and fluoride.

49
Q

Tooth Decay (Caries) that have not gone beyond the enamel layer tooth is referred to as

A

Incipient Caries

50
Q

Inflammation of the pulp

A

Pulpitis

51
Q

Causes of Pulpitis

A
  1. Physical - deep carious lesions that penetrated into the pulp; physical trauma (blow to the tooth or improper occlusion)
  2. Thermal - Excessive heat during cavity preparation
  3. Chemical - irritating medications or restorative materials being placed near the pulp
52
Q

The initial response of the pulp to shock or irritation

A

Hyperemia

53
Q

Hyperemia increases the blood in small arteries of the pulp, increasing pressure on the nerves and producing pain, which can cause

A

Pulpitis

54
Q

Types of pulpitis

A
  1. Reversible Pulpitis

2. Irreversible Pulpitis

55
Q

The temporary irritation where the pulp usually heals itself once the cause of the irritation has been removed

A

Reversible Pulpitis

56
Q

A condition where the pulp cannot heal itself

A

Irreversible Pulpitis

57
Q

A tooth with pulpitis will have what kind of sensitivities

A
  1. Hot
  2. Cold
  3. Percussion
58
Q

Treatment of Reversible Pulpitis

A

The removal of irritants

59
Q

Treatment of Irreversible Pulpitis

A

Endodontic Therapy (root canal). As a last resort, the tooth may be extracted

60
Q

Type of therapy that consists of opening the tooth from the occlusal surface to remove the infected pulp tissue

A

Endodontic Therapy (root canal)

61
Q

Localized collections of pus formed by bone and or soft tissue destruction

A

Abscesses

62
Q

Type of Abscess around the apex of a tooth

A

Periapical Abscess

63
Q

Type of Abscess formed in the gingival tissue

A

Periodontal (Gingival) Abscess

64
Q

Causes of Periapical Abscesses

A

Traumatic injury or infection following pulpitis of the tooth

65
Q

The two types of Periapical Abscesses

A
  1. Acute

2. Chronic

66
Q

Treatment of Periapical Abscesses

A
  1. Endodontic Therapy (root canal)
  2. Incision and drainage procedure where a hole in the abscess is drained of the pus
  3. Antibiotics to stop the infection along with pain-relieving drug/agents
67
Q

If all treatment of Periapical Abscesses are unsuccessful, what may be necessary?

A

A tooth extraction

68
Q

Causes of Periodontal (gingival) Abscesses

A

When inflammatory drainage from a periodontal pocket is blocked

69
Q

The two types of Periodontal (gingival) Abscesses

A
  1. Acute

2. Chronic

70
Q

Treatment of Periodontal (gingival) Abscesses

A
  1. Incision and drainage
  2. Scaling and curettage (clean the picket and tooth with dental instruments to remove the irritant)
  3. Antibiotics
71
Q

If all treatment of Periodontal (gingival) Abscesses are unsuccessful, what may be necessary?

A

A tooth extraction

72
Q

The system used to classify fractured teeth

A

The Ellis Classification System

73
Q

Ellis Classification System:

What type is an Enamel Fracture

A

Type 1

74
Q

Ellis Classification System:

What type is an Enamel/Dentin Fracture

A

Type 2

75
Q

Ellis Classification System:

What type is an Enamel/Dentin Fracture with Pulp Exposure

A

Type 3

76
Q

Ellis Classification System:

What type is a Root Fracture

A

Type 4

NDAP NAVDEN 101 Unit 2: Basic Dental Science (5 decks)

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