LESSON 2: THE PHILIPPINES IN 19TH CENT AS RIZAL CONTEXT Flashcards
The Filipinos in the 19th century
had suffered from feudalistic and
master slave relationship by the
Spaniards.
SOCIAL STRUCTURE
IN THE PHILIPPINES
Their social structure is ranked
into three groups:
middle class, and highest class,
lowest class.
They have the power and authority to
rule over the Filipinos. They enjoyed their
positions and do what they want
HIGHEST CLASS
the people that belong in
highest class include the
Spaniards, Peninsulares
and Friars.
a native or inhabitant of Spain, or a person of Spanish descent. It also includes
Spanish officials.
SPANIARDS
pure-blooded Spaniards who were
born in Iberian Peninsula. They
held the most important
government jobs, and made up
the smallest number of the
population.
PENINSULARES
members of any certain
religious orders of men,
especially the four mendicant
orders.
FRIARS
WHO ARE THE the four mendicant
orders.
augustinians, Jesuits,
Dominicans, and Franciscans
l They were like the “founding fathers” of Christianity in the Philippines.
Augustinians:
sila naman ay kilala sa schools and universities. Nakafocus sila sa mga educational work.
Jesuits:
sila ay mga “inspiring speakers” who shared the message of Christianity.
Dominicans:
sila ay mga “helping hands” who worked in poor communities and helped
people in need.
Franciscans:
the people that
belongs into this
class includes the
Natives, Mestizos and
Criollos.
middle class
persons native to the Philippine Islands.
Pure filipinos
NATIVE FILIPINOS
They are rank below the
peninsulares. are European descent
but born in the colonies of
Spain.
Insulares or criollos
mixed Filipino and foreign
ancestry (Spanish or Chinese),
who often became wealthy
landowners and merchants.
MESTIZOS
THREE TYPES OF MESTIZOS
Mestizo de espanyol
mestizo de sangley
tornatras
they are offsprings of Spanish
people interbreeding with
Filipinos
MESTIZO DE ESPANOL
A person of Filipino or any racial descent marrying a Chinese
MESTIZO DE SANGLEY
person of mixed Spanish,
Filipino and Chinese ancestry
TORNATRAS
this includes the Filipino only.
LOWEST CLASS
refer to the poor people of
the country. They are pure
blood Filipino who were ruled
by the Spaniards
INDIO
one of the major influences on
the educational development of
the nineteenth century was the
return of the
Jesuits.
It is considered as status
symbol.
Only few have the opportunity
to experience college
EDUCATION
For almost three hundred years
since the Spaniards
established the first
settlement in the Philippines, what happened?
there was no systematic
government supervision of
schools.
During the 19th century,
education in the Philippines
was largely controlled by the
Catholic Church.
SERIOUS CRITICISMS AGAINST THE
EDUCATION SYSTEM:
- Overemphasis on religious matters
- Obsolete teaching methods
- Limited curriculum
- Poor classroom facilities
- Absence of teaching materials
- Primary education was neglected
- Absence of academic freedom
- Prejudice against Filipinos in the
schools of higher learning
a decree issued by the Spanish
colonial government in the
Philippines.
EDUCATIONAL DECREE OF 1863
it was the first formal legislation
that aimed to establish a system of
public education in the country.
EDUCATIONAL DECREE OF 1863
The purpose of educ decree of 1863
to
provide access to education for
Filipinos, regardless of their
social status or economic
background.
One of the one hundred ethnic groups
in the Philippines
chinese Mestizo
They perform multiple services as traders,
artisans and domestic servants through the policy of the converting the Chinese and encouraging marriages between Catholic Chinese and Catholic Indios through the help of the missionaries and friars.
CHINESE FOR THEIR
INDESPENSIBLE SERVICES
With the rapid increase of Chinese population, he Spaniards saw a potential threat to their own rule. They feared that the Chinese would be
unloyal to the Spanish regime. However, since the Spaniards wanted their indispensable services, they made a policy wherein the Chinese would be converted through marriage between Catholic Chinese and Catholic Indios
CONVERTING CHINESE:
MARRIAGE BETWEEN CATHOLIC CHINESE
AND CATHOLIC INDIOS
The most obvious manifestation of chinese mestizo this budding sense of Filipino
nationality appeared in the late
1870s in the writings of
Pedro Paterno and Gregorio Sancianco,
.
A person who held a near-hereditary lease on agricultural land in the Spanish Philippines
inquilinos
Many Inquilinos were Chinese Mestizos who by intermarriage with members of the hereditary chiefly class
principalia
mainly the sons of a newly emergent
middle class composed of large tenant
farmers (Inquilinos) as well as small
commercial and professional sectors
illustrados
indigenous tenant farmers, or the
inquilinos generally hired sharecroppers
KASAMAHANS/KASAMAS
Some religious orders owned large haciendas, or tracts of land, in the better parts of the country.
FRIAR ESTATES/FRIAR LANDS
the rise of inquilino started in the Philippines after?
the end of the Galleon trade and the
opening of the Suez Canal
FACTORS THAT CONTRIBUTED TO THE CHANGING LANDSCAPE OF PHILIPPINE
SOCIETY AND ECONOMY
- Many scholars consider the 19th century as an era of profound change in the Philippines.
- During this period, vast economic, political, social and cultural currents were felt.
- With the goal of invigorating the profitability of the colonies like the Philippines, Bourbons policies and
reforms were out. - By the time Basco arrived, the Galleon Trade, the main economic institution existing in the Philippines, was
already losing enterprise - The 19th century saw the rise of cash crop production, such as sugar, tobacco, abaca and coffee.
- Steamships and the telegraph reduced communication and transportation times, linking the Philippines more closely with Europe and other colonies.
- Filipino women began to play a more visible role in public life, particularly in education and business.
- In the late 19th century, symbols of Filipino national identity began to emerge as part of the growing nationalist sentiment.
- The Rise of the Illustrados and Filipino Nationalism
- The End of the Galleon Trade and the Opening of International Trade
