LESSON 2: THE PHILIPPINES IN 19TH CENT AS RIZAL CONTEXT

Question 1

The Filipinos in the 19th century
had suffered from feudalistic and
master slave relationship by the
Spaniards.

Answer 1

SOCIAL STRUCTURE
IN THE PHILIPPINES

Question 2

Their social structure is ranked
into three groups:

Answer 2

middle class, and highest class,
lowest class.

Question 3

They have the power and authority to
rule over the Filipinos. They enjoyed their
positions and do what they want

Answer 3

HIGHEST CLASS

Question 4

the people that belong in
highest class include the

Answer 4

Spaniards, Peninsulares
and Friars.

Question 5

a native or inhabitant of Spain, or a person of Spanish descent. It also includes
Spanish officials.

Answer 5

SPANIARDS

Question 6

pure-blooded Spaniards who were
born in Iberian Peninsula. They
held the most important
government jobs, and made up
the smallest number of the
population.

Answer 6

PENINSULARES

Question 7

members of any certain
religious orders of men,
especially the four mendicant
orders.

Answer 7

FRIARS

Question 8

WHO ARE THE the four mendicant
orders.

Answer 8

augustinians, Jesuits,
Dominicans, and Franciscans

Question 9

l They were like the “founding fathers” of Christianity in the Philippines.

Answer 9

Augustinians:

Question 10

sila naman ay kilala sa schools and universities. Nakafocus sila sa mga educational work.

Answer 10

Jesuits:

Question 11

sila ay mga “inspiring speakers” who shared the message of Christianity.

Answer 11

Dominicans:

Question 12

sila ay mga “helping hands” who worked in poor communities and helped
people in need.

Answer 12

Franciscans:

Question 13

the people that
belongs into this
class includes the
Natives, Mestizos and
Criollos.

Answer 13

middle class

Question 14

persons native to the Philippine Islands.
Pure filipinos

Answer 14

NATIVE FILIPINOS

Question 15

They are rank below the
peninsulares. are European descent
but born in the colonies of
Spain.

Answer 15

Insulares or criollos

Question 16

mixed Filipino and foreign
ancestry (Spanish or Chinese),
who often became wealthy
landowners and merchants.

Answer 16

MESTIZOS

Question 17

THREE TYPES OF MESTIZOS

Answer 17

Mestizo de espanyol
mestizo de sangley
tornatras

Question 18

they are offsprings of Spanish
people interbreeding with
Filipinos

Answer 18

MESTIZO DE ESPANOL

Question 19

A person of Filipino or any racial descent marrying a Chinese

Answer 19

MESTIZO DE SANGLEY

Question 20

person of mixed Spanish,
Filipino and Chinese ancestry

Answer 20

TORNATRAS

Question 21

this includes the Filipino only.

Answer 21

LOWEST CLASS

Question 22

refer to the poor people of
the country. They are pure
blood Filipino who were ruled
by the Spaniards

Answer 22

INDIO

Question 23

one of the major influences on
the educational development of
the nineteenth century was the
return of the

Answer 23

Jesuits.

Question 24

It is considered as status
symbol.
Only few have the opportunity
to experience college

Answer 24

EDUCATION

Question 25

For almost three hundred years
since the Spaniards
established the first
settlement in the Philippines, what happened?

Answer 25

there was no systematic
government supervision of
schools.

Question 26

During the 19th century,
education in the Philippines
was largely controlled by the

Answer 26

Catholic Church.

Question 27

SERIOUS CRITICISMS AGAINST THE
EDUCATION SYSTEM:

Answer 27

1. Overemphasis on religious matters
2. Obsolete teaching methods
3. Limited curriculum
4. Poor classroom facilities
5. Absence of teaching materials
6. Primary education was neglected
7. Absence of academic freedom
8. Prejudice against Filipinos in the
   schools of higher learning

Question 28

a decree issued by the Spanish
colonial government in the
Philippines.

Answer 28

EDUCATIONAL DECREE OF 1863

Question 29

it was the first formal legislation
that aimed to establish a system of
public education in the country.

Answer 29

EDUCATIONAL DECREE OF 1863

Question 30

The purpose of educ decree of 1863

Answer 30

to
provide access to education for
Filipinos, regardless of their
social status or economic
background.

Question 31

One of the one hundred ethnic groups
in the Philippines

Answer 31

chinese Mestizo

Question 32

They perform multiple services as traders,
artisans and domestic servants through the policy of the converting the Chinese and encouraging marriages between Catholic Chinese and Catholic Indios through the help of the missionaries and friars.

Answer 32

CHINESE FOR THEIR
INDESPENSIBLE SERVICES

Question 33

With the rapid increase of Chinese population, he Spaniards saw a potential threat to their own rule. They feared that the Chinese would be
unloyal to the Spanish regime. However, since the Spaniards wanted their indispensable services, they made a policy wherein the Chinese would be converted through marriage between Catholic Chinese and Catholic Indios

Answer 33

CONVERTING CHINESE:
MARRIAGE BETWEEN CATHOLIC CHINESE
AND CATHOLIC INDIOS

Question 34

The most obvious manifestation of chinese mestizo this budding sense of Filipino
nationality appeared in the late
1870s in the writings of

Answer 34

Pedro Paterno and Gregorio Sancianco,
.

Question 35

A person who held a near-hereditary lease on agricultural land in the Spanish Philippines

Answer 35

inquilinos

Question 36

Many Inquilinos were Chinese Mestizos who by intermarriage with members of the hereditary chiefly class

Answer 36

principalia

Question 37

mainly the sons of a newly emergent
middle class composed of large tenant
farmers (Inquilinos) as well as small
commercial and professional sectors

Answer 37

illustrados

Question 38

indigenous tenant farmers, or the
inquilinos generally hired sharecroppers

Answer 38

KASAMAHANS/KASAMAS

Question 39

Some religious orders owned large haciendas, or tracts of land, in the better parts of the country.

Answer 39

FRIAR ESTATES/FRIAR LANDS

Question 40

the rise of inquilino started in the Philippines after?

Answer 40

the end of the Galleon trade and the
opening of the Suez Canal

Question 41

FACTORS THAT CONTRIBUTED TO THE CHANGING LANDSCAPE OF PHILIPPINE
SOCIETY AND ECONOMY

Answer 41

1. Many scholars consider the 19th century as an era of profound change in the Philippines.
2. During this period, vast economic, political, social and cultural currents were felt.
3. With the goal of invigorating the profitability of the colonies like the Philippines, Bourbons policies and
   reforms were out.
4. By the time Basco arrived, the Galleon Trade, the main economic institution existing in the Philippines, was
   already losing enterprise
5. The 19th century saw the rise of cash crop production, such as sugar, tobacco, abaca and coffee.
6. Steamships and the telegraph reduced communication and transportation times, linking the Philippines more closely with Europe and other colonies.
7. Filipino women began to play a more visible role in public life, particularly in education and business.
8. In the late 19th century, symbols of Filipino national identity began to emerge as part of the growing nationalist sentiment.
9. The Rise of the Illustrados and Filipino Nationalism
10. The End of the Galleon Trade and the Opening of International Trade