Lesson 2: Introduction to Logic Flashcards
Logic is etymologically derived from the Greek word ______.
logos
It means “spoken word”, “speech”, or “reason”.
Logos
The actual name logic was introduced by the Greek philosopher Zeno through his use of the term _____.
logike
It means “discourses of thinking” or “treatise on thought”.
Logike
Since Aristotle was the first thinker to have devised a logical system, he was known to be the _______.
Founder of Logic
Logic is formally defined as the science and art of correct _____.
reasoning
Logic is a ______ because it consists of systematized and certain knowledge of the principles which govern correct thinking.
science
Logic is an _____ because it directs the reasoning process in order that man may acquire knowledge of the truth in an orderly way, with ease and without error.
art
The _________________ is for us to attain clarity in our thoughts and validity in our process of inference.
purpose of logic
The __________________ of logic includes reasoning, arguments, and the drawing of inferences.
focus of attention
The ________________ of logic is to distinguish between good and bad reasoning and between correct and incorrect arguments.
main specific task
The first activity of the logician is the _______ of arguments which involves the determination between an argument and a non-argument.
analysis
The second activity of logicians is the _______ of the arguments into types and subtypes which includes the distinction between deductive and inductive arguments.
classification
A _______ argument involves the process of argumentation by which we conclude from a universal proposition to a less universal (singular or particular) proposition.
deductive
An argument is _________ when it involves the process of argumentation by which we conclude from a less universal (singular or particular) proposition to a universal proposition.
inductive
The last activity of the logician is the _________ of arguments which involves the determination of the correctness and incorrectness of certain arguments.
assessment
Understanding the principles of logic will enable us to minimize the likelihood of being ________ by the faulty arguments of others.
deceived
Understanding the principles of logic enhances our ability to clarify our _______.
beliefs
Understanding the principles of logic may aid us in our quest for ______.
knowledge
Knowledge of the methods and principles of logic is very important because knowledge is better than _______.
ignorance
Symbolic logic, as a division of logic, is also known as _________ logic.
mathematical
Aristotelian logic is also known as _________ logic.
traditional
_________ logic may be further divided into formal logic and material logic.
Aristotelian
_______ logic is concerned with the rules governing the structure and validity of argument forms or patterns.
Formal
