Lesson 2

Question 1

Assigned sex

Answer 1

Diagnosis based on physical appearance

Question 2

Genotype

Answer 2

Genetic makeup
Female= XX
Male= XY
*usually consistent with assigned sex

Question 3

Gender

Answer 3

Socially constructed identity that is different from, but built upon sex
Defined by behavior, dress, and culture

Question 4

Core gender identity

Answer 4

People’s fundamental sense of whether they are male or female
Usually consistent with genotype and assigned sex

Question 5

Intersexed

Answer 5

Genitals are not clearly female or male

Occurs in around 2% of population

Question 6

Klinefelter’s syndrome

Answer 6

Genotype of XXY

Question 7

Sexual orientation

Answer 7

Refers to whether people are attracted to people of the opposite sex (heterosexual), same sex (homosexual), or both (bisexual)
Separate from sex and gender
Lesbian women typically have female core gender identities and gay men have male core gender identities
A continuum
Very rare that people are 100% hetero- or homosexual

Question 8

Percentage of women that identify as lesbian and bisexual

Answer 8

Lesbian- 3%

Bisexual- 3%

Question 9

Gender identity disorder

Answer 9

When assigned sex and genetic sex do not match core gender identity
People often describe being “trapped” in the wrong body
Strong identification with opposite gender, typically beginning in early childhood
Often exhibit discomfort or disgust with sex of their bodies

Question 10

Transsexuals

Answer 10

People with gender identity disorder
Two types:
Male-to-female
Female-to-male
Relatively few go on to have sex-change operations

Question 11

Mean differences

Answer 11

Average differences
Difference between average for men and average for women.
Can’t tell from mean difference alone whether it is statistically significant-must look also at number of people and variability of scores

Question 12

Variability

Answer 12

Range

Question 13

Replication

Answer 13

Important for results to be able to be replicated in order to be significant

Question 14

Meta-analysis

Answer 14

Technique in which researchers gather all of the existing studies on a topic and then use statistical methods to determine the overall size of relationships between variables.
Helps control for flaws in individual studies.

Question 15

Gender differences hypothesis

Answer 15

Based on notion that men and women differ on a variety of important characteristics and that these differences are statistically and clinically significant
Researchers interested in gender differences and design studies to detect them

Question 16

Gender similarities hypothesis

Answer 16

Women and men are quite similar , and the differences that do exist between them are mostly unimportant and small
Researchers interested in ways that men and women are similar and design studies to examine similarities

Question 17

Stereotype threat

Answer 17

Theory that explains how the activation of negative stereotypes about the performance of groups can negatively influence the performance of people who belong to those stereotyped groups
People fear being reduced to stereotypes about groups to which they belong, and these fears can impair performance on relevant tasks