Lesson 1 Flashcards
Androcentrism
The idea that men are somehow the standard version of humankind and that women are a variant of man
Feminism
The belief that women and men are equally valuable and deserve equal treatment
First wave of the women’s movement in the US
Begin with the Seneca Falls convention in 1848
Planned by five women who were part of the movement to end slavery
A Declaration of Sentiments and Resolutions was announced and put forth the idea that women should vote and 100 people signed
Frederick Douglass is credited with convincing the crowd to support the women’s right to vote
The 19th amendment was passed in 1920
The 19th amendment
Granted women the right to vote
Elizabeth Cady Stanton
Author of the declaration of sentiments presented at the Seneca Falls convention
Argued for suffrage, fair pay, property rights, and for the equitable treatment of women in divorce
Sojourner Truth
Abolitionist and early feminist
Susan B Anthony
Active in the women’s suffrage movement and the abolition movement
Bessie Coleman
First female African-American pilot
Second wave of the women’s movement
Began in the 1960s
Birth control pills became available in 1960
In 1973 the Supreme Court ruled that abortion is legal
Also the time of the sexual revolution
The civil rights act was passed in 1964
The national organization for women was founded in 1966
The sexual revolution
Notion that women could want and enjoy sex
Civil rights act of 1964
Prohibited employers from discriminating against employees or potential employees based on gender
The third wave of the women’s movement
Many women have disowned the term “feminism” and distanced themselves from the women’s movement
Many people believe that feminism is no longer relevant
Focus on discrimination in the workplace, sexual harassment, and rape.
Sexism
Discrimination or prejudice against people because of their gender
Includes both men and women that is more common for women to be targeted
Several types
Hostile sexism
The most overt type and refers to belief that men are superior to women and that women are a threat to society as a whole
Benevolent sexism
Refers to beliefs about women that seem positive on the surface but on a deeper level they serve to justify the second class status of women Related to positive attitudes toward women who fit very traditional gender roles
Ambivalent sexism
Refers to the existence of hostile and benevolent sexism beliefs in the same person
Neosexism
Modern sexism; a more subtle form of sexism based on the belief that women have already achieved equality and that women who say otherwise are whining or trying to gain unfair advantage
Denial of personal discrimination
Women acknowledge that sexism exists but many deny experiencing it themselves
Legitimizing myths
Attitudes or beliefs that are used to maintain the status of non-dominant groups
Propagated through popular culture, religious stories, mythology, and symbolism
Paternalistic prejudice
The belief that women need to be helped and protected by men
Experimental research
Uses experiments where one variable is manipulated and it’s effects on another variable are measured
Hypothesis
Prediction about the relationship between variables
Statistical significance
Means that there is a low probability of getting that result by chance alone
Not impossible though
Shows a relationship but does not tell us that it is important
Clinical significance
Refers to findings that are meaningful or important
Generally a result should be statistically significant in order to be considered clinically significant, but not always the case
Correlational research
Examines existing relationships
No variables are manipulated or changed by researchers
Most surveys
Correlation coefficient
Tells us the degree to which two variables vary with each other
Ranges from negative one to one
Does not imply causation
Penis envy
Sigmund Freud’s notion; one of the most famous sex biased theoretical models
Suggested that when young girls discover that they do not have a penis they blame mothers for castrating and the anger leads them to fall in love with their fathers
Biased theories can lead to biased hypotheses and biased research questions
