Lesson 2-3: PA Epidemiology Flashcards
Changing exercise prescription
-Understanding benefits of exercise helpful when attempting to modify exercise behaviour
-By determining exercise benefits individual is seeking, interventions can be better tailored to meet individual needs. (wanna run 10km, lift weights ex)
- Additional education may also occur around benefits that the individual isn’t
as aware of
-Result?
* Enhanced levels of motivation, commitment, and adherence.
How to raise general levels of PA in population
- Look better feel better
- Accessibility
-Education
PA behaviour
-72% of adults are NOT meeting guidelines
Trends:
-MEN more active than women
- Activity level decreases with AGE
-Activity levels increases with EDUCATION AND INCOME
-81% of adolescents are NOT meeting guidelines
PA recommendations/guidline
-150 min of moderate to vigorous exercise. 10 min or more per workout
- lift 2x/week also beneficial
-7-9 hrs of good quality sleep
- 8hrs or less of sedentary time
PA factors
There are differences in
* Age
* Gender
* Ethnicity
* SES – Income level
* Education level
* Multi-generational effect
Barriers to exercise (individually)
Lack of time* no. 1 reported barrier
* Lack of motivation
* Lack of self-efficacy
* Convenience / availability
* Environmental / ecological
* Physical limitations
* Boredom / lack of enjoyment
Targeting PA behaviour
Article:
* Low PA and high Sed Time = worst HRQL/Socio-Emo
* High PA and low Sed Time = best HRQL/Socio-Emo
* Low PA and low Sed Time = mid HRQL/Socio-Emo
* Predictors – female, Indigenous, non-English, not two-parents, higher SES, no sibling, parent poor mental health = mid to worse HRQL
Need for correction
Epidemiology of PA
Epidemiology: the study of the patterns, incidence, and prevalence
of health and disease conditions in defined populations
-depends how much comes up
-can be PA or different diseases
-used to prove/support different ideas
5 W’s of epidemiology
Who is engaging – the POPULATION (%)
What form and dose of PA – are they doing?
When are they exercising – time of day
Where are they exercising – location, accessibility
Why are they doing it – motivation/reasons
Measurement of PA behaviour
Researchers consider:
* Mode, frequency, intensity, duration of exercise
* Adoption, adherence, and maintenance of exercise regimen
* Antecedents and consequences of exercise
- Measurement can be broken into three categories:
Subjective - self report/reflect
Objective - Hr monitors, accelometers
Observational - gym class of elementary school
Limitations in Epidemiology PA data
- Definition of PA
-Variation in PA measurement
- Pros and cons of definitions and measures should be given careful
consideration in research design and evaluation
-At the end of the day – it’s just DATA…what do we do with this DATA to change PA levels, via policy, environmental changes, guidelines and individual behavioural chance
PA, Morbidity, & Mortality
-Those who engage in PA live longer healthier lives
- Physically active people outlive their sedentary counterparts
- Lower all-cause mortality
- Midlife increase in PA associated w/ reduced risk of mortality
- Premature deaths in Canada could be reduced by as much as 20% if Canadians became more active
Cooper aerobic institute studies
-Documented relationship between physical fitness and all-cause mortality
(approximately 10,000 men and 3,000 women).
* 71% lower death rate for high-fit versus low-fit males.
* 79% lower death rate for high-fit versus low-fit females.
* Men who improved physical fitness experienced a 44% reduction in
mortality risk
-decrease for 25% chronic diseases
Sedentary Behaviour
Independent risk factor for chronic disease
- After controlling for (accounting for) PA, being sedentary may have increase risk for disease
- Negates movement benefits
- Being sedentary means NO physical activity
- This is different than not meeting PA guidelines
Global economic burden
Cost of inactivity - treating new cases of preventable non-communicable
diseases will reach nearly:
US$ 300 billion by 2030
US$ 27 billion annually
Key point
Really just just 30 mins a day, 23 and 1/2 video
Multi level issue, not just individual
System level change. Schools, work place, health systems, economics (tax, benefits)
Social Ecological model
Individual - up bringing, knowledge
Interpersonal - friends, family, social networks
Institutional: organizations, schools and workplaces
Community: cities and neighbourhoods
Policy: Federal, state and local legislation
