Lesson 2

Question 1

Muscular system

Answer 1

Produces all movement of the body

Covers the body, gives it shape and holds it erect

The body has over 500 muscles which comprise 40 to 50% of its body weight

• muscles are responsible for producing almost 85% of the body’s heat

Question 2

What are the muscles of the upper arm?

Answer 2

Deltoid

Biceps brachii

Triceps brachii

Question 3

Deltoid

Answer 3

Covers the top of the humerus (shoulder)

Action: abduction of arm

Flexion and medial rotation of the arm

Extends and laterally rotates the arm

Question 4

Biceps brachii

Answer 4

Major flexor of the elbow

Located on in the anterior surface of the upper arm

Action: flexes and supinates the forearm

flex elbow, lift the forearm and then the palm up

Question 5

Triceps brachii

Answer 5

Extensor of the elbow

The only muscle on the posterior surface of the upper arm and attaches at the olecranon process

Action: extends the forearm and the tendon - helps stabilize shoulder joint

Question 6

What are the muscles of the lower arm?

Answer 6

Brachioradialis

Palmaris longus

Question 7

Brachioradialis

Answer 7

A major muscle on the extensor surface of the arm

Action: flexes elbow, assists in probation and supination of the forearm

Attaches to distal aspect of humerus and Stulp of process of radius

Palpable 

Question 8

Palmaris longus

Answer 8

Originates at medial epicondyle of humerus

Attaches to palmar fascia

Action: Flexes the wrist and tenses palmar fascia

Not present in everyone sometimes only present in one wrist

Question 9

Flexor muscles of the wrist

Answer 9

Originates at the medial aspect of the distal humerus and found on the posterior of the forearm

Action: to bend the wrist, draw the hand upwards and close the fingers

Question 10

Extensor muscles of the wrist

Answer 10

Originate at lateral aspect of the distal humerus and is found on the posterior of the forearm

Action is to extend the arm, the wrist, hands and fingers

Question 11

Supinators and pronators of the wrist

Answer 11

Attach to the radius, ulna, and humerus

Action is to supinate and probate the forearm (turns hands up or down)

Question 12

What are the muscles of the hand responsible for?

Answer 12

Abduction and adduction of the fingers

They help the hands to grasp objects

Question 13

Three categories of the hand muscles:

Answer 13

Thumb

Little finger

Central fingers

Question 14

Thumb

Answer 14

Consists of the thenar eminence and is found on the radial border of the hand

Question 15

Little finger

Answer 15

Consists of hypothenar eminence and is found on the ulnar border of the hand

Question 16

Central fingers

Answer 16

Consists of the palm and muscles between the metacarpal bones

Question 17

Flexor Retinaculum

Answer 17

A tough band of fascia that is involved in carpal tunnel

• a common problem many clients may complain of 

Question 18

Palmar aponeurosis

Answer 18

The tough fascia structure that covers the entire palm of the hand

Attaches to the palmar longus muscle

1/4th of the population lack this muscle

Question 19

Dorsal surface of the hand

Answer 19

The long tendons palpable superficially on the dorsal surface are the tendons of the extensor muscles of the fingers

Deep to the extensor muscles are the dorsal interossei muscles

Question 20

Dorsal interossei muscles

Answer 20

Abduct the fingers from the midline

Deep to extensor muscles

Question 21

Palmar surface of the hand

Answer 21

Deep to the aponeurosis are the tendons of the muscles which flex the fingers

Question 22

Thenar eminence

Answer 22

This is the heavy pad of muscle on the palmar surface of the hand proximal to the thumb

Consists of the muscles that move the thumb

Question 23

Hypothenar eminence

Answer 23

Smaller pad of muscle on the palmar surface of the hand proximal to the 5th digit (the pinkie) and just distal to the wrist

Consists of 3 muscles

These muscles are striated tissue and are responsible for taking the body through a range of motions which are under VOLUNTARY CONTROL