Lesson 1.5 - Thyroid Pathology (Part 3)

Question 1

*Hyperparathyroidism causes excess secretion of what? What does this do?

Answer 1

parathyroid hormone

Hypercalcemia - increases blood calcium (from bones)

Question 2

*Primary versus secondary versus tertiary hyperparathyroidism

Answer 2

primary - enlargement of parathyroid glands causes overproduction of hormone

secondary - result of another disease

tertiary - longstanding secondary hyperparathyroidism

Question 3

*T/F

in most cases primary hyperparathyroidism is caused by a single adenoma

Answer 3

true

Question 4

*renal transplantation can cause what

Answer 4

tertiary hyperparathyroidism

Question 5

low blood calcium may be caused by (3)

Answer 5

kidney failure
*vitamin D disorder
Malabsorption

Question 6

complications associated with prolonged hyperparathyroidism (4)

Answer 6

bone fractures
high BP/ heart disease
kidney stones
osteitis fibrosa

Question 7

*what causes hypocalcaemia

Answer 7

hypoparathyroidism

Question 8

*what is more common hyper or hypoparathyroidism

Answer 8

hypercalcemia

Question 9

*causes of hypoparathyroidism (4)

Answer 9

damage/removal of glands
ionising radiaiton
development of autoantibodies to PTH
congenital abnormality

Question 10

*what is tetany caused by

Answer 10

hypocalcaemia

Question 11

*what is characteristic of tetany

Answer 11

painful spasms of muscles bending inwards of the hands, forearms and feet

Question 12

What is hypocalcaemia associated with (5)

Answer 12

hypoparathyroidism
vitamin D deficiency
renal failure
alkalosis (blood alkaline)
acute pancreatitis