Lesson 1.5 - Thyroid Pathology (Part 1)

Question 1

4 main categories of thyroid gland disorders

Answer 1

Abnormal secretion of thyroid hormones
Inflammatory/immune
Goiter
Tumours

Question 2

Another word for hyperthyroidism

Answer 2

thyrotoxicosis

Question 3

with thyrotoxicosis, describe levels of TSH and T3 and T4?

Answer 3

Low level of TSH (body thinks you have enough)

Excessive levels of T3 and T4

Question 4

*What’s a common consequence of thyrotoxicosis in older adults

Answer 4

cardiac failure

Question 5

3 causes of thyrotoxicosis

Answer 5

Graves’ disease
Toxic nodular goiter
Adenoma

Question 6

*Hypothyroidism occurs when

Answer 6

there is insufficient T3 and T4 secretions

Question 7

*what is cretinism, what may this cause?

Answer 7

congenital hypothyroidism

Impairment of growth/mental development

Question 8

*what does hypothyroidism cause in the ELDERLY?

Answer 8

myxoedema

Question 9

myxoedema is more common in men or women

Answer 9

women

Question 10

Another term for graves disease

Answer 10

Graves’ thyroiditis

Question 11

graves disease more common in men or women

Answer 11

women

Question 12

what type of thyroid disease is autoimmune that causes hyperthyroidism? how does it work?

Answer 12

Graves disease

antibody mimics effects of TSH causing increased release of thyroid hormone = hyperthyroidism

Question 13

goitre and exophthalmos are symptoms of what disease

Answer 13

Graves’

Question 14

a hypervascular thyroid gland is consistent with what disease

Answer 14

Graves’ disease

Question 15

*sono appearance of de quervian’s thyroiditis (size, margins, vascularity)

Answer 15

diffusely enlarged
poorly marginated
normal or decreased vascularity

Question 16

pain is the main symptom of what disease

Answer 16

subacute granulomatous (de Quervain’s) thyroiditis

Question 17

toxic nodular goitre

Answer 17

nodule(s) already affected by goitre becomes active, secretes thyroid hormones causing effects of hyperthyroidism

Question 18

*In which disease are arrhythmias and cardiac failure more common?

Answer 18

toxic nodular goitre

Question 19

*what autoimmune disease is the most common cause of hypothyroidism?

Answer 19

hashimoto’s disease

Question 20

*sono pattern of Hashimoto’s (echotexture, nodule number, ecogen)

Answer 20

diffusely coarse echotexture innumerable tiny hypo nodules

echogenic fibrous bands

Question 21

*what is the most common lesion in the thyroid

Answer 21

Adenoma

Question 22

what commonly undergoes cystic and hemorrhagic degeneration?

Answer 22

Adenoma

Question 23

echogenicity of adenoma

Answer 23

most often isoechoic but can be hypo, or echogenic

Question 24

*what is goiter

Answer 24

enlargement of the thyroid gland without signs of hyperthyroidism

Question 25

*what structures are most commonly affected by goiter and the resulting symptoms (3)

Answer 25

esophagus = dysphagia (swallowing)
trachea = dyspnoea (breathing)
recurrent laryngeal nerve = hoarsness of voice