Lesson 1.5 - Thyroid Pathology (Part 2)

Question 1

T/F malignant tumours of thyroid are rare

Answer 1

true

Question 2

*What is the only well established risk factor for thyroid cancer?

Answer 2

external head and neck radiation

Question 3

*what is the most common thyroid malignancy

Answer 3

papillary cancer

Question 4

*most specific sono finding of papillary cancer

Answer 4

microcalcifications

punctuate non-shadowing echogenic foci

Question 5

what do micro-calcifications look like

Answer 5

punctuate non-shadowing echogenic foci

Question 6

*Papillary cancer other sono findings (other than microcalcifications) (3)

Answer 6

solid
hypoechoic
intrinsic vascularity

Question 7

*How is differentiation of follicular adenoma from a follicular carcinoma determined? what is this based on (2)

Answer 7

based on histologic examination

based on the presence of capsular or vascular invasion (cannot be determined on US)

Question 8

Echogenicity of follicular neoplasms

Answer 8

variable - echogenic, iso or hypo

Question 9

what disease is characterized by “pseudotesticle”

Answer 9

follicular neoplasms

Question 10

*what carcinoma is solid, hypoechoic and have coarse central calcifications

Answer 10

medullary carcinoma

Question 11

what tumour is extremely rare and aggressive

Answer 11

anaplastic carcinoma

Question 12

*What carcinoma is fixed, hard, heterogenous and large

Answer 12

anaplastic carcinoma

Question 13

*What cancer is very hypoechoic with a pseudocystic pattern

Answer 13

lymphoma

Question 14

*Metastatic disease sono appearance

Answer 14

Non-specific

Non-calcified, hypoechoic nodules, can be hypervascular