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Hi Res > Lesson 1.1 - Thyroid Anat > Flashcards

Lesson 1.1 - Thyroid Anat Flashcards

1
Q

Transducer frequency

A

7.5-15.0

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2
Q

**Thyroid gland is in front of (2) and at the level of what 4 vertebrae

A

In front of the larynx and trachea at the level of the 5th, 6th, and 7th cervical and 1st thoracic vertebrae

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3
Q

Is the thyroid vascular

A

yes

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4
Q

**Lingual thyroid 2 features

A

Thyroid tissue embedded in tongue
No thyroid gland in the neck
Usually asymptomatic

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5
Q

*Arterial blood supply to thyroid

A

superior + inferior thyroid arteries

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6
Q

*the superior thyroid artery is a branch of what

A

superior thy = external carotid artery

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7
Q

*the inferior thyroid artery is a branch of what

A

inferior thy = subclavian artery

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8
Q

*thyroid veins drain into

A

the internal jugular veins

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9
Q

*Innervation of thyroid and location

A

Recurrent laryngeal nerve -

on right side lies near inferior thyroid artery

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10
Q

*what lies lateral to the thyroid gland

A

CCA and SCM muscles

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11
Q

*what lies posterior to the thyroid gland

A

longus coli muscles

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12
Q

*what lies anterior to the thyroid gland

A

strap muscles

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13
Q

*where are the jugular veins in relation to the thyroid gland

A

anterolaterally

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14
Q

what is the role of iodine with the thyroid

A

iodine = formation of thyroxine (T4) and tri-iodothyronine (T3)

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15
Q

*Explain pathway of how T3 and T4 is released into the blood

A

Hypothalamus stimulates secretion of TRH (thyrotroponin releasing hormone)

Activates the anterior pituitary to release TSH (thyroid stimulating hormone)

Activates release of T3 and T4 into blood from the thyroid

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16
Q

*What is the role of T3 and T4 in the body

A

Increasing metabolic rate/ regulating metabolism

17
Q

Organs (2) and systems (4) most influenced by thyroid hormones

A 
Skeletal system*
nervous system* 
digestive system
reproductive system
heart
skin
18
Q

Symptoms of hyperthyroidism

A 
Increased metabolic rate
Anxiety
Hair loss
Diarrhea
Exophthalmos (bulging eyes) in Graves' disease
19
Q

Symptoms of hypothyroidism

A 
Decreased metabolic rate
Weight gain, anorexia
Depression, psychosis
Dry skin, brittle hair
Constipation
20
Q

*What is the first line test for assessment for thyroid function

A

TSH

21
Q

*High levels of TSH indicate

A

hypothyroidism

22
Q

*Suppressed levels of TSH indicate

A

hyperthyroidism

23
Q

*What is investigated as an adjunct to TSH for thyroid function

A

T4 (free less sensitive however)

24
Q

Other markers for thyroid function (specifically Hashimoto’s or Grave’s disease)

A

Elevated anti-TPO Ab

antibody

25
Q

What is TPO in anti-TPO Ab

A

Thyroid peroxidase

Enzyme made by thyroid converts T4 to T3

Presence indicates prior attack on thyroid tissue by body’s immune system (autoimmune disease)

26
Q

*Parathyroid gland what does it secrete and main function

A

secrete parathyroid hormone (PTH) which increases blood Ca when it’s low

27
Q

*Hormones that maintain blood calcium (2)

A

Parathyroid hormone and calcitonin

28
Q

What is the procedure of choice in the evaluation of thyroid nodules? What does it categorize tissues into? (5)

A

Fine needle aspiration

Categorizes tissue into: malignant
benign
thyroiditis
follicular neoplasm
suspicious/non-diagnostic
29
Q

*Nuculear imaging of the thyroid is used to

A

Distinguish the nodule as hot, warm or cold

30
Q

*what does a cold nodule do and indicate?

A

take up minimal amounts of isotope

indicates hypofunctional or non-functional thyroid tissue

31
Q

*what does a warm nodule indicate?

A

normal thyroid function (gray)

32
Q

*what do hot nodules indicate

A

takes up excessive amounts of isotope

indicates autonomously functioning nodule (very dark)

33
Q

Benefit of fine needle aspiration

A

decreased unnecessary operative procedures in pts with benign nodules

increased probability that surgery will be performed on those with malignant disease

Hi Res (9 decks)

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