LESSON 10 - FUNCTIONAL ASSESSMENTS QUIZ Flashcards
Which of the following statements about flexibility is CORRECT?
Choose One
As people age, flexibility naturally increases due to decreased collagen levels.
Males are generally more flexible than females.
Collagen is made up of proteins that limit motion and resist stretch.
The build-up of scar tissue after injury often increases flexibility.
The Correct Answer is:
Collagen is made up of proteins that limit motion and resist stretch.
Why?
Structures containing large amounts of collagen tend to limit motion and resist stretch. Thus, collagen fibers are the main constituents of tissues such as ligaments and tendons that are subjected to a pulling force. Regarding the other options, flexibility decreases with aging, females are generally more flexible than males, and scar tissue limits flexibility.
ACE’s Essentials of Exercise Science for Fitness Professionals, p. 30 & 32
An individual is using a resistance band to perform very short-duration (less than 2 seconds per stretch) hamstring stretches in sets of eight repetitions. What flexibility-training technique is this person using?
Choose One
Proprioceptive neuromuscular facilitation
Ballistic stretching
Dynamic stretching
Active isolated stretching
The Correct Answer is:
Active isolated stretching
Why?
Active isolated stretching follows a design similar to a traditional strength-training workout. Instead of holding stretches for 15 to 30 seconds at a point of resistance (i.e., mild discomfort), stretches are never held for more than two seconds. The stretch is then released, the body segment returned to the starting position, and the stretch is repeated for several repetitions.
ACE’s Essentials of Exercise Science for Fitness Professionals, p. 243
Which of the following is a non-correctible factor related to postural deviations?
Choose One
Structural deviations
Lack of joint mobility
Side dominance
Lack of joint stability
The Correct Answer is:
Structural deviations
Why?
The non-correctible factors related to postural deviations are as follows:
Congenital conditions (e.g., scoliosis)Some pathologies (e.g., rheumatoid arthritis)Structural deviations (e.g., tibial or femoral torsion, femoral anteversion)Certain types of trauma (e.g., surgery, injury, amputations)
The other choices are correctible factors.
ACE Personal Trainer Manual, 5th ed., p. 153
When designing an exercise program for a beginning exerciser, it is best to focus on enhancing muscular strength before shifting the focus to improving the client’s posture.
The Correct Answer is:
FALSE
Why?
Given the propensity many individuals have toward poor posture, an initial focus of trainers should be to restore stability and mobility within the body and attempt to “straighten the body before strengthening it.”
ACE Personal Trainer Manual, 5th ed., p. 153
Barring structural differences in the skeletal system, a pronated ankle ________________.
The Correct Answer is:
ankle is turned towards the medial portion of the body
Forces internal rotation of the tibia and slightly less internal rotation of the femur
Why?
Ankle pronation forces internal rotation at the knee and places additional stresses on some knee ligaments and the integrity of the joint itself. Additionally, as pronation tends to move the calcaneus into eversion, this may actually lift the outside of the heel slightly off the ground (moving the ankle into plantarflexion). In turn, this may tighten the calf muscles and potentially limit ankle dorsiflexion.
ACE Personal Trainer Manual, 5th ed., p. 156-157
The coupling relationship between tight __________ and __________ is defined as the lower-cross syndrome.
The Correct Answer is:
Hip flexors; erector spinae
Why?
Tight or overdominant hip flexors are generally coupled with tight erector spinae muscles, producing an anterior pelvic tilt. This coupling relationship between tight hip flexors and erector spinae is defined as the lower-cross syndrome. A posterior pelvic tilt is caused by tightness in the rectus abdominis and hamstrings.
ACE Personal Trainer Manual, 5th ed., p. 160
Which of the three tests included in McGill’s torso muscular endurance test battery is a timed test involving a static,isometric contraction of the anterior muscles, stabilizing the spine until the individual exhibits fatigue and can no longer hold the assumed position?
The Correct Answer is:
Trunk flexor endurance test
Why?
The flexor endurance test is the first in the battery of three tests that assesses muscular endurance of the deep core muscles. It is a timed test involving a static, isometric contraction of the anterior muscles, stabilizing the spine until the individual exhibits fatigue and can no longer hold the assumed position.
ACE Personal Trainer Manual, 5th ed., p. 188
An elevated shoulder may present with an overdeveloped or tight upper trapezius muscle.
The Correct Answer is:
TRUE
Why?
An elevated shoulder may present with an overdeveloped or tight upper trapezius muscle, while a depressed shoulder may present with more forward rounding of the scapula.
ACE Personal Trainer Manual, 5th ed., p. 162
When performing a shoulder screen and observing the client from a posterior view, a trainer notices an outward protrusion of the vertebral borders, but not the inferior angles, of the scapulae. What deviation is most likely being observed?
The Correct Answer is:
Scapular protraction
Why?
Noticeable protrusion of the vertebral (medial) border outward is termed “scapular protraction,” while noticeable protrusion of the inferior angle and vertebral (medial) border outward is termed “winged scapulae.”
ACE Personal Trainer Manual, 5th ed., p. 160-162
While performing the bend and lift screen on a new client you observe that the downward (eccentric) movement is initiated at the knees. What would you suspect is causing the compensation?
The Correct Answer is:
Quadriceps and hip flexor dominance
Why?
Movement initiated at the knees may indicate quadriceps and hip flexor dominance, as well as insufficient activation of the gluteus group.
ACE Personal Trainer Manual, 5thed., p. 168-169
During the hurdle step screen, you observe that the client exhibits an anterior pelvic tilt with a forward torso lean. What muscles should you suspect of being underactive or weak?
The Correct Answer is:
Rectus abdominis and hip extensors
Why?
If a client exhibits an anterior tilt with a forward torso lean, he or she likely has overactive or tight stance-leg hip flexors and underactive or weak rectus abdominis and hip extensors.
ACE Personal Trainer Manual, 5th ed., p. 172
During the Thomas Test, you observe that when the client holds the back and sacrum flat, the back of the lowered thigh touches the table, but the knee does not flex to 80 degrees. What muscle(s) should you suspect of being tight?
The Correct Answer is:
Rectus femoris
Why?
When a client is unable to flex the knee to 80 degrees, a personal trainer should suspect tightness in the rectus femoris, which does not allow the knee to bend.
ACE Personal Trainer Manual, 5th ed., p. 179-180
In your notes regarding a client performing the external and internal shoulder rotation tests, you recorded that the client displayed potential tightness in the infraspinatus and teres minor. What might you have observed during the test that led to that conclusion?
The Correct Answer is:
Client displayed inability to internally rotate the forearm 70 degrees toward the mat
Why?
If a client displays an inability to internally rotate the forearm 70 degrees, or shows discrepancies between the limbs, there are two possible reasons: potential tightness in the lateral rotators of the arm (i.e., infraspinatus and teres minor) or the joint capsule and ligaments may be tight and limit rotation.
ACE Personal Trainer Manual, 5th ed., p. 183-184
Which of the following is NOT a reason to stop a client while he or she is performing the sharpened Romberg test?
The Correct Answer is:
The client exceeds 30 seconds with good postural control
Why?
During the sharpened Romberg test, the trainer should continue to time the client’s performance until one of the following occurs: the client loses postural control and balance, the client’s feet move on the floor, the client’s eyes open, the client’s arms move from the folded position, or the client exceeds 60 seconds with good postural control.
ACE Personal Trainer Manual, 5th ed., p. 186
A male client performs the stork-stand balance test and is able to hold the position for 46 seconds. How would you rate this client’s performance?
The Correct Answer is:
Good
Why?
A male client who is able to hold the stork-stand position for 41 to 50 seconds is categorized as “good.”
ACE Personal Trainer Manual, 5th ed., p. 187
