Lesson 1: Micro-anatomy of Bone and Cartilage

Question 1

Also known as osteoprogenitor cells; undifferentiated mesenchymal stem cells (a tissue from which most connective tissue is derived); found predominantly alongside the inner layer of the periosteum, the membranes that surround the bones and the blood vessels in bone canals; the only bone cells to undergo cell division, with the resulting cells developing into osteoblasts and osteoclasts

Answer 1

Osteogenic cells

Question 2

What are the four main types of bone cells?

Answer 2

Osteogenic cells, osteoblasts, osteocytes, and osteoclasts

Question 3

Bone-producing cells present in regions of bone formation, such as the surface of growing bones or areas undergoing active bone remodeling, mononuclear, roughly cuboidal in shape, build the ECM of bone tissue and initiate calcification

Answer 3

Osteoblasts

Question 4

The major cell type found in mature bone; derived from osteoblasts and found within the matrix of the bone, maintain the daily metabolism of bone tissue, have an ellpsoid cell body, few organelles, and mononuclear, lots of dendrites

Answer 4

Osteocytes

Question 5

Large cells containing approximately 15–20 nuclei; derived from the fusion of monocytes present within bone marrow or from other blood-producing tissue responsible for the dissolution and absorption of bone

Answer 5

Osteoclasts

Question 6

Also known as cortical bone; the strongest form of bone tissue; contains relatively few spaces and forms the tough outer layer of each bone

Answer 6

Compact bone

Question 7

Also known as trabecular or cancellous bone; is much lighter than compact bone because it consists of branches of osseous tissue with space between the branches

Answer 7

Spongy bone

Question 8

A type of connective tissue; made up of a dense network of collagen or elastic fibers and the associated matrix materials, which provide strength and resilience

Answer 8

Cartilage

Question 9

Process of conversion to bones

Answer 9

Ossification

Question 10

Deposition of calcium

Answer 10

Calcification

Question 11

Tiny cavities located between the lamellae that contain the spider-like osteocytes

Answer 11

Lacunae

Question 12

Local removal of bone during bone growth and the subsequent remodeling

Answer 12

Resorption

Question 13

Organic part of the bone matrix, type 1 collagen fibers

Answer 13

Osteoid

Question 14

Concentric rings of calcified extracellular matrix

Answer 14

Lamellae

Question 15

Hair-like canals filled with extracellular fluid

Answer 15

Canaliculi