Lesson 1 Flashcards
Know Yourself
Socrates
first philosopher who engages in systematic questioning about the self.
Socrates
Man is composed of two important aspects of his personhood
dualism Socrates
Since _____ is innate in the _____ and _____ is the source of all ______, an individual may gain possession of oneself and be one’s own master through knowledge.
virtue, mind, knowledge, wisdom
Socrates
The Ideal Self, perfect self
Plato
Socrates affirmed that the unexamined life is not worth living. With this, he basically took off from his master and supported the idea that man is dual in nature.
Plato
copied by reason intellect
rational soul
in charge of emotions
spiritual soul
He conceived of the human person as having a body and a mind. He claims that there is so much that we should doubt since much of what we think and believe is not infallible, they may turn out to be false.
Rene Descartes
base desires
appetitive soul
Cogito, ergo sum / I think, therefore I am
Rene Descartes
thought that the only thing that one cannot doubt is the existence of the self, for even if one doubts oneself, that only proves that there is a doubting self, a thing that thinks and therefore, that cannot be doubted.
Rene Descartes
the self is the bundle theory of mind
David Hume
He is an empiricist who believes that one can know only through the senses and experiences.
David Hume
posits that self is nothing else but a bundle of impressions.
David Hume
the basic objects of our experience or sensation
IMPRESSION David Hume
copies of our impressions but not as lively and clear
IDEAS David Hume
The mind-Body dichotomy
Gilbert Ryle
what truly matters is the behavior that a person manifests in his day-today life. for him, as logoking for and trying to understand the self as it really exists is like visiting your friends’ university and looking for the “university.”
David Hume
self is not an entity one can locate and analyze but simply the convenient name that people use to refer to all the behaviors that people make.
David Hume
Phenomenologist
Merleau Ponty
He insisted that body and mind are so intertwined from one another. One cannot find any experience that is not an embodied experience. All experience is embodied.
Merleau Ponty
One’s body is his opening toward his existence to the world. The living body, his thoughts, emotions, and experiences are all one.
Merleau Ponty
“God created man in His image; in the divine image He created him; male and female He created them. God blessed them, saying, “Be fertile and multiply; fill the earth and subdue it. Have dominion over the fish of the sea, the birds in the air, and all the living things that move on the earth.” Gen. 1:24-28
The Holy Bible
Love and justice as the foundation of the individual self
St. Augustine
that man is of a bifurcated/ dual nature. An aspect of man dwells in the world and is imperfect and continuously years to be with the Divine and the other is capable of reaching immortality.
St. Augustine
The body is bound to die on earth and the soul is to anticipate living eternally in communion with God.
St. Augustine
man is composed of two parts: matter and form.
Thomas Aquinas
refers to the common stuff that makes up everything in the universe.
Matter/Hyle Thomas Aquinas
refers to the essence of the substance of things. It is what makes it what it is.
Forms/morphe Thomas Aquinas
What makes a human person a human person is his essence. Like Aristotle, the soul is what animates the body; it is what makes us humans.
Thomas Aquinas
the development of an individual can be divided into distinct stages characterized by sexual drives. As the person grows, certain areas become sources of pleasure, frustration, or both.
Sigmund Freud
Psychoanalytic theory of self
Sigmund Freud
Freudian stages of psychosexual development:
oral, anal, phallic, latency, and genital.
He primarily concerned with how both psychological and social factors affect the development of individuals. He formulated 8 major stages of development, each posing a unique developmental task and simultaneously presenting the individual with a crisis that s/he must overcome.
Erik Erikson
Psychosocial stages of development
Erik Erikson:
