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2 - SCIENCE, TECHNOLOGY, AND SOCIETY > LESSON 1 > Flashcards

LESSON 1 Flashcards

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1
Q

According to this person, science is a way of thinking much more than it is a body of knowledge.

A

Carl Sagan

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2
Q

the Latin term “scientia” means ______

A

knowledge

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3
Q

the Latin term “scire” means ______

A

to know

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4
Q

an organized body of knowledge based on facts, gathered through observations, experiments and experiences.

A

Science

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5
Q

Science can’t answer questions about _____ and _____

A

value
morality

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6
Q

______ events can’t be explained by science.

+ Adding the prefix “super” it entails that it is beyond the natural laws of the universe

A

Supernatural

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7
Q

“Science is present verification without ultimate ____”.

A

certainty

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8
Q

This theory of George Ernst Stahl states that a certain substance called ____ is present in a substance during combustion and is released in the process.

A

Phlogiston Theory

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9
Q

He was the one who proposed the Combustion Theory, which states that oxygen is needed in the process of combustion and not phlogiston.

A

Antoine Lavoisier

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10
Q

Branches of Science

A

Social Science
Applied Science
Natural Science

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11
Q

concerned with the society and the relationships among the individuals within the society

A

Social Science

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12
Q

applies existing scientific knowledge to develop more practical applications, like technology or inventions

A

Applied Science

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13
Q

concerned with the description, prediction, and understanding of natural phenomena, based on observational and empirical evidence

A

Natural Science

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14
Q

Natural science is further subdivided into:

A

Biological Sciences and Physical Sciences

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15
Q

pertains to the study of living things that include biology, botany, zoology, anatomy, physiology, ornithology, parasitology and many others

A

Biological Sciences

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16
Q

deals with the study of the nonliving things that include physics, chemistry, geology, meteorology, metallurgy and many others

A

Physical Sciences

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17
Q

10 Attitudes Someone Who Studies Science Must Possess

A
  1. The desire to know.
  2. Patience
  3. Perseverance
  4. Objective
  5. Don’t easily jump into conclusion.
  6. Open-mindedness
  7. Systematic and orderly
  8. Critical thinkers
  9. Honesty
  10. Humility
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18
Q

The systematic approach in solving a problem is called the ______

A

Scientific Method

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19
Q

The 7 Basic Steps of Scientific Investigations

A
  1. Observing and stating the problem.
  2. Gathering data on related problems.
  3. Forming a hypothesis.
  4. Testing the hypothesis.
  5. Recording and analyzing data
  6. Formulating a conclusion.
  7. Replicating your work
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20
Q

a process of utilizing your five senses

A

(1. Observing and stating the problem)

Observation

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21
Q

Two Types of Observation

A

Qualitative Observation
Quantitative Observations

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22
Q

Type of observation which does not involve measurements

A

Qualitative Observation

23
Q

Type of observation which involves the process of measuring (aided with measuring tools to get a collection of data)

A

Quantitative Observations

24
Q

In stating the problem make sure that it is _____ and ____. Without a _____ and ____ statement, you will find it difficult to answer your problem as it may be broad and unclear to you.

A

clear and specific

25
Q

This is an important part of the scientific process to make sure that what you are doing is objective.

A
  1. Gathering data on related problems
26
Q

After gathering pertinent information, based on the researched facts you may now formulate a _____ which is a tentative solution to your problem.

A

(3. Forming a hypothesis)

hypothesis

27
Q

A ______ is said to be tentative and not final because it is still subjected to a test.

A

hypothesis

28
Q

To find out whether your hypothesis is correct or not you will conduct an experiment.

A
  1. Testing the hypothesis
29
Q

An experimental set up is usually composed of two groups:

A

an experimental group and a control group

30
Q

In a _____ all factors are held constant. This set-up is important for comparison with the experimental group.

A

control group

31
Q

The group in which one factor or treatment is varied is the _______. A variable is any factor, trait, or condition that can exist in differing amounts or types

A

experimental group

32
Q

A _____ is any factor, trait, or condition that can exist in differing amounts or types.

A

variable

33
Q

An experiment usually has three kinds of variables:

A

independent, dependent, and controlled

34
Q

The _____ variable is the one that is changed by the scientist.

A

independent

35
Q

The scientist focuses his or her observations on the ______ variable to see how it responds to the change made to the independent variable.

A

dependent

36
Q

______ variables are quantities that a scientist wants to remain constant, and he must observe them as carefully as the dependent variables.

A

controlled

37
Q

The results of your experiment should be recorded carefully.

A
  1. Recording and analyzing data.
38
Q

Observations and information, called as _____, can be presented in tables and graphs.

A

data

39
Q

A conclusion is the final answer to the problem.

A
  1. Formulating a conclusion.
40
Q

If the conclusion supports the hypothesis it is considered as a ______ to the problem. But if it does not, the hypothesis is rejected or can be modified.

A

scientific explanation

41
Q

Experiments should not only be done once but several times. That is why a good scientific experiment requires being reproducible or can be replicated. In this manner others can test the reliability of your results.

A
  1. Replicating your work.
42
Q

Famous People with Contributions to Science

A

Sir Isaac Newton (1642 - 1726)
Louis Pasteur (1822 – 1895)
Galileo Galilei (1564 – 1642)
Marie Curie (1867 – 1934)
Albert Einstein (1879 – 1955)
Charles Darwin (1809 – 1882)
Otto Hahn (1879 - 1968)
Nikola Tesla (1856 – 1943)
James Clerk Maxwell (1831 - 1879)
Aristotle (384BC – 322BC)

43
Q

In his Principia Mathematica, published in 1687, he laid the foundations for classical mechanics, explaining law of gravity and the Laws of Motion.

A

Sir Isaac Newton (1642 - 1726)

44
Q

Contributed greatly towards the advancement of medical sciences developing cures for rabies, anthrax and other infectious diseases.

+ Also enabled process of pasteurization to make milk safer to drink.

A

Louis Pasteur (1822 – 1895)

45
Q

Creating one of the first modern telescope.

+ revolutionized our understanding of the world successfully proving the earth revolved around the sun and not the other way around.

+ His work Two New Sciences laid ground work for science of Kinetics and strength of materials

A

Galileo Galilei (1564 – 1642)

46
Q

Discovered radiation and helped to apply it in the field of X ray.

+ won Nobel Prize in both Chemistry and Physics.

A

Marie Curie (1867 – 1934)

47
Q

Revolutionized modern physics with his general theory of relativity.

+ Won Nobel Prize in Physics (1921) for his discovery of the Photoelectric effect, which formed basis of Quantum Theory.

A

Albert Einstein (1879 – 1955)

48
Q

Developed theory of evolution against a backdrop of disbelief and skepticism.

+ Collected evidence over 20 years and published conclusions in On the Origin of Species (1859).

A

Charles Darwin (1809 – 1882)

49
Q

German Chemist who discovered nuclear fission (1939).

+ Pioneering scientist in the field of radio-
chemistry.
+ Discovered radio-active elements and nuclear isomerism (1921).
+ Awarded Nobel Prize for Chemistry (1944).

A

Otto Hahn (1879 - 1968)

50
Q

Work on electromagnetism and AC current.

+ Credited with many patents from electricity to radio transmission.

A

Nikola Tesla (1856 – 1943)

51
Q

Made great strides in understanding electromagnetism.

+ His research in electricity and kinetics, laid foundation for quantum physics.

A

James Clerk Maxwell (1831 - 1879)

52
Q

Great early Greek scientist who made many researches in the natural sciences including botany,
zoology, physics, astronomy, chemistry, and meteorology, geometry.

A

Aristotle (384BC – 322BC)

53
Q

defined as “purposeful intervention by design”

A

Technology

54
Q

the activity through which technological outcomes are created and have impact in the world.

A

technological practice

2 - SCIENCE, TECHNOLOGY, AND SOCIETY (9 decks)

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