CHAPTER 2 - L3 Flashcards
- Among the theoretical disciplines: Aristotle included
logic, biology, physics, and metaphysics, among others.
- Among the practical ones, Aristotle counted
ethics and politics.
_____ is the aim of the theoretical sciences
“truth”
the _____ is the end goal of the practical ones.
“good”
a process that is inherent in things.
- Change
- Every human person aspires for an ____.
end
o This ____, we have learned is happiness or human flourishing.
end
- No individual resists ______. We all want to be happy.
happiness
o What Aristotle actually mean is _________, a kind of contentment in knowing that one is getting the best out of life. A kind of feeling that one has maxed out his potentials in the world, that he has attained the crux of his humanity.
human flourishing
- Declared the Greatest happiness principle by saying that an action is right as far as it maximizes the attainment of happiness for the greatest number of people.
- John Stuart Mill in the 18th century.
- The first materialists are the
atomists in Ancient Greece.
They led a school whose primary belief is that the world is made up of and is controlled by the tiny indivisible units in the world called atomos or seeds.
- Democritus and Leucippus
- Democritus and Leucippus led a school whose primary belief is that the world is made up of and is controlled by the tiny indivisible units in the world called _______
atomos or seeds.
- For _____ and his disciples, the world, including human beings, is made up of matter.
Democritus
- ______ simply comes together randomly to form the things in the world. Only material entities matter.
Atomos
- In terms of human flourishing, _____ is what makes us attain happiness.
matter
- The _____, for their part, see the end goal of life in acquiring pleasure.
Hedonists
- _____ has always been the priority of hedonists.
Pleasure
- The mantra of Hedonists is the famous,
“Eat, drink, and be merry for tomorrow we die.”
- Led by _____, Hedonism also does not buy any notion of afterlife just like the materialists.
Epicurus
- Another school of thought led by Epicurus, the _____ espoused the idea that to generate happiness, one must learn to distance oneself and be apathetic.
Stoics
Stoicism
precisely means to be indifferent.
apatheia
- The stoics, happiness can only be attained by a careful practice of apathy. Adopt the fact that some things are not ________. The sooner we realized this, the happier we can be.
within our control
- Many people find the meaning of their lives using God as a fulcrum of their existence.
Theism
- The Philippines as a predominantly Catholic country is witness to how people base their life goals on beliefs that hinged on some form of supernatural reality called _____
heaven.
- The ultimate basis of happiness for theists is the ________
communication with God.
- Another school of thought is ______ where it espouses the freedom of man to carve his own destiny and to legislate his own laws, free from the shackles of a God that monitors and controls.
humanism
- The humanist, man is _____
literally the captain of his own ship.
- Inspired by the ______. In seventeenth century, humanists see themselves not merely as stewards of the creation but as individuals who are in control of themselves and the world outside them.
enlightenment
- This is the spirit of most scientists who thought that the world is a place and space for freely unearthing the world in seeking for ways on how to improve the lives of its inhabitants.
HUMANISM
