lesions of the visual apparatus

Question 1

what lesion involves the optic nerve or tract, the most common cause is multiple sclerosis?

Answer 1

Retobulbar neuritis

Question 2

which lesion includes various forms of retinitis?

Answer 2

Optic or Bulbar neuritis

Question 3

what are some examples of Optic or Bulbar neuritis?

Answer 3

simple 
proteinuric
syphilitic
diabetic
hemorrhagic
hereditary

Question 4

what lesion is commonly seen symptom of increased intracranial pressure due to brain tumors, abscesses, hemorrhage, hypertension, and other causes?

Answer 4

papilledema aka choked disc

Question 5

what lesion is associated with decreased visual acuity and a change in the color of the optic disc to light pink , white or gray?

Answer 5

optic atrophy

Question 6

what lesion is caused by processes that involve the optic nerve and do not produce papilledema?

Answer 6

primary optic atrophy

Question 7

What condition is a sequel to papilledema?

Answer 7

Secondary optic atrophy

Question 8

What condition may be due to tabes dorsalis, multiple sclerosis or hereditary?

Answer 8

Primary (simple) optic atrophy

Question 9

What lesion may be due to neuritis, glaucoma, or increased intracranial pressure?

Answer 9

Secondary optic atrophy

Question 10

What syndrome might be caused by tumors at the base of the frontal lobe and is characterized by Ipsilateral blindness and anosmia (with atrophy of the optic and olfactory nerve) and Contralateral papilledema?

Answer 10

Foster Kennedy syndrome

Question 11

What syndrome has cerebromacular degeneration with severe mental deficiency occurring in Jewish families and is associated with blindness, optic atrophy, and a dark cherry red spot in place of the macula lutea?

Answer 11

Amaurotic familial idiocy (Tay-Sachs diseas)

Question 12

What syndrome causes a patient to react only to accommodation. It has neither a direct or indirect reaction to light. It was once considered a pathognomic of tabes dorsalis (neurosyphilis), but is now been found to occur as a diabetic complication?

Answer 12

Argyll Robertson pupil

Question 13

What syndrome is characterized by a tonic pupillary reaction and the absence of one or more tendon reflexes. The pupil is said to be “myotonic”, with a very slow, almost imperceptible contraction to light and In near vision, a slower dilation upon removal of the stimuli?

Answer 13

Holmes-Adie syndrome

Question 14

Patients with Holmes-aide syndrome would have what reaction to weak solution?

Answer 14

Tonic pupils constrict