Lesions Flashcards
Lesion of a spinal nerve results in?
weakness
Lesion of a peripheral nerve results in
paralysis. We assume complete severance. All muscles suppled by that
peripheral nerve will be paralyzed, flaccid, and will
atrophy.
Position of limb after injury depends on
antagonistic active of
intact muscles.
Skin areas supplied by spinal nerves (dermatomes) are different from the skin areas supplied by?
peripheral nerves (but
correlated…). May be partial or complete loss of sensation in areas supplied
by injured nerve depending upon the extent of damage
Sensation after injury can manifest as
pain, paresthesia, or anesthesia
why do patients mainly notice sympathetic deficits?
because parasympathetics don’t do anything with body wall
sympathetic deficit that are notices?
Vasomotion (flushing), sudomotion (anhydrosis -lack of sweating), pilomotion
autonomic deficit visceral affects?
bladder, bowel, and erectile desfunction
spinal cord injury above L2
causes?
motor?
sensory?
Causes: Vertebral dislocation/traumatic injury, tumors, penetrating wounds, etc. Motor: Paralysis of entire lower limbs, bladder/bowel dysfunction Sensory: Complete loss of sensation of lower limb and perineum
spinal cord injury at L4
motor?
sensory?
Quadriceps and adductors would be spared. Abnormal
gait. Bladder/bowel dysfunction.
Sensory: Preserved over lateral and anterior thigh, leg,
and foot
spinal cord injury at S2
motor?
sensory?
Motor: Only intrinsic foot muscles affected for lower limb, and dysfunction in bladder, bowel, and sexual functions. Sensory: Loss of sensation down posterior limb, external genitalia, and area around anus
sacral plexus injury
causes?
motor?
sensory?
Causes: Childbirth, pelvic operations, tumors, penetrating
wounds…
Motor: Variable, but can affect gluteal muscles, posterior
thigh, leg, and foot. Bladder, bowel, sexual dysfunction.
Sensory: Gluteal region, posterior thigh, leg, and foot
Lesions of L1/L2 branches?
Causes: Entrapment from scar tissue (c-section, abdominal surgery, hernia repair, etc). Deficits mainly sensory – loss of sensation, tingling, pain. May radiate. May be worse when walking, bending at the waist, or to the touch
Lesion of lateral femoral cutaneous nerve?
causes?
motor?
sensory?
Causes: Entrapment behind lateral end of inguinal ligament. (Tight clothing, heavy tool belt, obesity, scar tissue, pregnancy…)
Motor: None
Sensory: Pain, anesthesia, or tingling down lateral thigh
Lesion of femoral nerve?
causes?
motor?
sensory?
Causes: Vascular disease, trauma Motor: Weakness of thigh flexion, loss of leg extension, weakness of hip rotation, weakness of hip abduction, weakness of leg flexion. Sensory: Pain, anesthesia, or tingling down anterior thigh, anterior & medial leg
Lesion of obturatorl nerve?
causes?
motor?
sensory?
Causes: Trauma, pelvic fractures, ovarian cancer, pregnancy Motor: weakness of hip adduction, weakness of hip flexion, weakness of hip extension, weakness of leg flexion. Sensory: Pain, anesthesia, or tingling down medial thigh
Lesion of L2 and L4 causes loss of both?
obturator and femoral nerve
lesion of superior gluteal nerve?
motor?
sensory?
Motor: Weakness in hip abduction, unstable pelvis (difficulty walking and
abnormal gait- positive Trendelenberg sign), weakness of medial rotation of the hip.
Sensory: None
lesion of inferior gluteal nerve?
motor?
sensory?
Motor: Weakness in hip extension (especially from a flexed position), weakness in lateral rotation of the hip, difficulty climbing stairs/running.
Sensory: None
Lesion of pudendal nerve?
causes?
motor?
sensory?
Cause: Trauma, tumor, childbirth, ‘cyclist syndrome’.
Motor: Bowel dysfunction (external anal canal), erectile dysfunction…
Sensory: Pain, anesthesia, tingling around anus and external genitalia.
Lesion of sciatic nerve?
causes?
motor?
sensory?
Causes: Herniated
discs, IM injections
Motor: Weakness of thigh extension, weakness of leg flexion, loss of dorsiflexion and plantar flexion, loss of
all foot movements.
Sensory: Pain, anesthesia, or tingling down posterior thigh, posterolateral leg,
heel, and sole of foot
Lesion of tibiall nerve?
causes?
motor?
sensory?
Causes: Penetrating wound, popliteal aneurysm,
Motor: Weakness of plantar flexion, loss of toe flexion & toe ab/adduction.
Sensory: Pain, anesthesia, or tingling at distal posterolateral leg, sole of foot.
Lesion of common fibular nerve?
causes?
motor?
sensory?
Causes: Penetrating
wound, trauma *WRAPS AROUND HEAD OF TIBIA
Motor: Loss of foot inversion and eversion, weakness of plantar flexion,
loss of dorsiflexion (FOOT DROP- swing foot around), loss of toe extension.
Sensory: Pain, anesthesia, or tingling at distal anterolateral leg, dorsum of foot
