Les 1 - NATURE, KINDS, CLASSIFICATION, AND CHARACTERISTICS OF RESEARCH Flashcards
It is the scientific investigation of phenomena which includes collection, presentation, analysis, and interpretation of facts that links an individual’s speculation with reality (Calmorin & Calmorin, 2012)
Research
Differentiate Analysis and Interpretation
Analysis- processing of data (raw) consolidating
Interpretation- generate meaningful data, processed data
Research is _______ process of discovery and advancement of human knowledge (Gratton & Jones, 2009, p.4)
systematic
what are the 3 types of Research
- Basic Research
- Applied Research
- Developmental Research
Explain Basic Research
- Also called as “fundamental research” or “pure research”
- Seeks to discover basic truths or principles
- E.g., Steno’s Law of Stratigraphy, Newton’s Law of Motion
Explain Applied Research
- Involves seeking new applications of scientific knowledge to the solution of a problem, such as the development of a new system or procedure, new device, or new method in order to solve the problem
- E.g., use of alternative/renewable energy sources to mitigate the energy-demand problems
Explain Developmental Research
- A decision-oriented research involving the application of the steps of the scientific method in response to an immediate need to improve existing practices
- if a researcher continues to find practical application from theoretical knowledge and use of this existing knowledge to produce useful products, it is called development research
- e.g., community led integrated non-cyanide/non-mercury gold extraction method (CLINN-GEM)
- research and development (R & D) often refer to activities in this field performed or sponsored by funding agencies
o primary sponsors – DOST
what are the 8 classifications of research?
- According to Purpose
- According to Goal
- According to the Levels of Investigation
- According to Type of Analysis
- According to Scope
- According to Choice of Answer to Problems
- According to Statistical Content
- According to Time Element
What are the purposes of research?
a. Predictive or Prognostic Research
Determines the future operation of the variables under investigation with the aim of controlling or redirecting such for the better
b. Directive Research
Determines what should be done based on findings. This is to remedy an unsatisfactory condition if there is any.
Give recommendations
c. Illuminative Research
Concerned with the interaction of the components of the variable being investigated
Use system approach
See or quantify influence of variable
Goals of research
a. Basic or Pure Research
Done for the development of theories or principles
b. Applied Research
Application of the results of pure research. Involved testing the efficacy of theories and principles
classification of research According to the Levels of Investigation
a. Exploratory Research
Studies the variables pertinent to a specific situation
b. Descriptive Research
Studies the relationship of the variables
c. Experimental Research
Studies the effects of the variables on each other in a controlled environment/setting
research classification According to Type of Analysis
a. Analytic Approach- Researcher attempts to identify and isolate the components of the research situation
b. Holistic Research- Begin with total situation, focusing attention on the system first and then on its internal relationships (flood vulnerability)
classification of research according to scope
a. Action Research- Done on a very limited scope to solve a particular problem which is not so big. It is almost “problem solving”
classification of research according to Choice of Answer to Problems
a. Evaluation Research- all possible courses of action are specified and identified and the researcher tries to find the most advantageous
b. Developmental Research- developing a more suitable instrument or process that has been available
classification of research according to statistical content
a. **Quantitative or Statistical Research- **one in which inferential statistics are utilized to determine the results of the study. Inferential statistics such as correlation, chi-square, analysis of variance, etc. are used to test hypothesis
b. Non-quantitative/Qualitative Research- utilize non-numerical data to understand processes/phenomena, these data are obtained from in-situ observation, interviews, questionnaires, FGDs, recordings, etc.
