Leptospirosis

Question 1

2 phases of leptospirosis

Answer 1

1) Initial or septicemic phase 2) Immune or leptospiruric phase

Question 2

Leptospirosis: Septicemic phase lasts for

Answer 2

2-7 days

Question 3

Leptospirosis: Phase during which leptospires can be isolated from blood, CSF and other tissues

Answer 3

Septicemic

Question 4

Leptospirosis: Severe debilitating myalgia is most prominent in the

Answer 4

Lower extremities, lumbosacral spine, and abdomen

Question 5

Leptospirosis: Associated with appearance transient rash (<24h)

Answer 5

Septicemic

Question 6

Leptospirosis: Associated with appearance of circulating antibodies

Answer 6

Leptospiruric

Question 7

Leptospirosis: Disappearance of organisms from blood and CSF

Answer 7

Leptospiruric

Question 8

Leptospirosis: Appearance of signs and symptoms associated with localization of leptospires in the tissues

Answer 8

Leptospiruric

Question 9

Leptospirosis: Aseptic meningitis

Answer 9

Leptospiruric

Question 10

Severe form of leptospirosis

Answer 10

Weil syndrome

Question 11

T/F Weil syndrome is rare and more commonly seen in adults

Answer 11

T

Question 12

Leptospirosis: Characterized by jaundice, renal failure, thrombocytopenia, hemorrhage, and cardiovascular collapse

Answer 12

Weil syndrome

Question 13

Weil syndrome: Principal cause of death

Answer 13

Acute kidney failure

Question 14

Special staining for leptospirosis

Answer 14

Warthin-Starry silver staining

Question 15

Reference method for diagnosis of leptospirosis in infected tissue or body fluids

Answer 15

Microscopic agglutination test

Question 16

Leptospires can be recovered from ___ during the 1st 10 days of illness

Answer 16

Blood or CSF

Question 17

Leptospires can be recovered from ___ after the 2nd week of illness

Answer 17

Urine

Question 18

Leptospirosis: Treatment with ___ or ___ should be instituted early when diagnosis is suspected

Answer 18

Penicillin or tetracycline

Question 19

Leptospirosis: Low-risk exposure

Answer 19

Single history of wading in flood or contaminated water without wounds, cuts, or open lesions of skin

Question 20

Leptospirosis: Moderate-risk exposure

Answer 20

Single history of wading in flood or contaminated water and presence of wounds, cuts, or open lesions of skin OR accidental ingestion of contaminated water

Question 21

Leptospirosis: High-risk exposure

Answer 21

Continuous exposure or more than a single exposure of wading in flood or contaminated water with or without wounds, cuts, or open lesions of the skin; swimming in flooded waters especially in urban areas

Question 22

Leptospirosis: Post exposure prophylaxis, low-risk

Answer 22

Doxycycline 200mg single dose within 24-72 hrs from exposure

Question 23

Leptospirosis: Post exposure prophylaxis, moderate-risk

Answer 23

Doxycycline 200mg OD for 3-5 days to start within 24-72 hrs from exposure

Question 24

Leptospirosis: Post exposure prophylaxis, high-risk

Answer 24

Doxycycline 200mg once weekly until end of exposure