Lenin's Economic Policy Flashcards
State Capitalsim 1917-18
L prom eco Econ would manage existing structures so = 1/2 soc & 1/2 cap
many Bols didnt want this approach & demanded state control of every part saw as disappointment
Examples of Socialist Economy
1917 nat banks, Veshenka
1918 nat railways, external trade
1920 GOLERO org prod & distrib
Problems w/ State Capitalism
allowing w’s to take control of f’s dec prod & lacked man skills
p’s being in control of grain sales inc prices - dec wages
Falling Industrial Production
sups disrupted by fighting = shortage of raw materials
Jan 1917 urban Prol dec - 3.6 mil - 1.4 mil
inc £s money = worthless - grain hoarding
Fighting in Countryside
p’s could grow food needed so better off - could sell / eat livestock & scavenge
but villages = attacked & destroyed
Food Shortages
lost NB agri regions to Ger
trade blockades - hostile FPs
50g bread ration
black market use
Disease & Starvation
unsanitary living conditions, food shortages & lack of med supplies & Drs = mils of deaths
approx 5 mil died
War Communism 1918-21
existed to ensure RA = supplied
centralised planning ensured = supplies
= m soc state controlled prod X private trade - not sure if planned
Feb 1918 Grain Requisitioning
F Sups Dict established p grain beyond mini need requi for w’s = low fixed wage - given low val vouchers
extra often seized - sold searched for hidden
kulaks = enemies of the ppl
Nationalisation
1918 sugar, oil nat
Nov 1920 nearly all business = 1st entire nation
priv trade & Manu = banned and mili style control of railways
w’s lost freedom, sovs abolition = pro mans employed by state
Labour Discipline & Rationing
w’s lost rights gained from rev
fines for slackness, lateness & absenteeism = ration card workbooks X wages given by class status
RA & W’s got most & Bour = least
bonuses for good behav lodging = centralised
IPs
Famine in Country
some K’s had whole stock seized requi dec sups dangerously low
1/3 of land abandoned to grass
1000s of cattle & horses slaughtered
1921 harvest = 48% of 1913
pop = 170.9 mil 1913 - 130.9 mil 1921
Depopulated Cities
by 1921 indust output = 20 % pre-war levels rations = cut
by end of 1920 Pet pop = 57.7% dec & Mos = 44.7% dec since 1917
Red Terror
trigger = ass attempt on L Aug 1918 = Fanta Kaplan claimed L = traitor = exec 3 days later
head of Cheka = murdered
SRs, Mens & Anarchists rounded up if suspected = 500k exec
used to create compliance targeted pos ops
Tambov Revolt
1920-21
155 risings Feb 1921 T = m serios = 200 miles from M
70k p’s led by Alexander Antonov against requi squads joined by G’s
100k RA used to put down - brutal against K’s
Kronstadt Rising
1921
m dec in rations = strikes 30k soldiers rebel
15000 = impris & leaders shot denounced as ‘w traitors’
caused divide Kollontai & Shlapnikov set up W’s Opto protect w’s rights believed Bols = too auth
NEP 1921
Feb 1921 Gosplan estab to advise on NEP helped coord plans from 1925 drafted plans - coexisted w/ Veshenka so some friction - announced at 10th Party con = ideological step back
NEP Features
countryside - end GR & ban on priv trade still quota but could sell rest for prof ends forcible col expect inc prod
cities - state keeps large scale industrial e.g. coal small scale = private X rations industry pay w’s out of profs not centrally set wage
Ideological aspects
1925 Sov Com for Fin admitted miners, engine drivers and metal w’s wages dec 1913
250k priv traders in Mos
Economic Impact
priv business new quickly
agri prod inc - so much grown £s dec - introed tax X quota forcing to sell so could pay
Indus prices capped
NEPmen helped Econ
Pol & Soc Impact
1921 Ban on Factions
Mens & SRs = banned & 1000s arrested
Cheka = GPU 1922 & had power to stop counter rev
censorship inc & m pressure on ch 1000s on priests arrested
nomenklatura system
