Lenin's Economic Policy

Question 1

State Capitalsim 1917-18

Answer 1

L prom eco Econ would manage existing structures so = 1/2 soc & 1/2 cap
many Bols didnt want this approach & demanded state control of every part saw as disappointment

Question 2

Examples of Socialist Economy

Answer 2

1917 nat banks, Veshenka
1918 nat railways, external trade
1920 GOLERO org prod & distrib

Question 3

Problems w/ State Capitalism

Answer 3

allowing w’s to take control of f’s dec prod & lacked man skills
p’s being in control of grain sales inc prices - dec wages

Question 4

Falling Industrial Production

Answer 4

sups disrupted by fighting = shortage of raw materials
Jan 1917 urban Prol dec - 3.6 mil - 1.4 mil
inc £s money = worthless - grain hoarding

Question 5

Fighting in Countryside

Answer 5

p’s could grow food needed so better off - could sell / eat livestock & scavenge
but villages = attacked & destroyed

Question 6

Food Shortages

Answer 6

lost NB agri regions to Ger
trade blockades - hostile FPs
50g bread ration
black market use

Question 7

Disease & Starvation

Answer 7

unsanitary living conditions, food shortages & lack of med supplies & Drs = mils of deaths
approx 5 mil died

Question 8

War Communism 1918-21

Answer 8

existed to ensure RA = supplied
centralised planning ensured = supplies
= m soc state controlled prod X private trade - not sure if planned

Question 9

Feb 1918 Grain Requisitioning

Answer 9

F Sups Dict established p grain beyond mini need requi for w’s = low fixed wage - given low val vouchers
extra often seized - sold searched for hidden
kulaks = enemies of the ppl

Question 10

Nationalisation

Answer 10

1918 sugar, oil nat
Nov 1920 nearly all business = 1st entire nation
priv trade & Manu = banned and mili style control of railways
w’s lost freedom, sovs abolition = pro mans employed by state

Question 11

Labour Discipline & Rationing

Answer 11

w’s lost rights gained from rev
fines for slackness, lateness & absenteeism = ration card workbooks X wages given by class status
RA & W’s got most & Bour = least
bonuses for good behav lodging = centralised
IPs

Question 12

Famine in Country

Answer 12

some K’s had whole stock seized requi dec sups dangerously low
1/3 of land abandoned to grass
1000s of cattle & horses slaughtered
1921 harvest = 48% of 1913
pop = 170.9 mil 1913 - 130.9 mil 1921

Question 13

Depopulated Cities

Answer 13

by 1921 indust output = 20 % pre-war levels rations = cut
by end of 1920 Pet pop = 57.7% dec & Mos = 44.7% dec since 1917

Question 14

Red Terror

Answer 14

trigger = ass attempt on L Aug 1918 = Fanta Kaplan claimed L = traitor = exec 3 days later
head of Cheka = murdered
SRs, Mens & Anarchists rounded up if suspected = 500k exec
used to create compliance targeted pos ops

Question 15

Tambov Revolt

Answer 15

1920-21
155 risings Feb 1921 T = m serios = 200 miles from M
70k p’s led by Alexander Antonov against requi squads joined by G’s
100k RA used to put down - brutal against K’s

Question 16

Kronstadt Rising

Answer 16

1921
m dec in rations = strikes 30k soldiers rebel
15000 = impris & leaders shot denounced as ‘w traitors’
caused divide Kollontai & Shlapnikov set up W’s Opto protect w’s rights believed Bols = too auth

Question 17

NEP 1921

Answer 17

Feb 1921 Gosplan estab to advise on NEP helped coord plans from 1925 drafted plans - coexisted w/ Veshenka so some friction - announced at 10th Party con = ideological step back

Question 18

NEP Features

Answer 18

countryside - end GR & ban on priv trade still quota but could sell rest for prof ends forcible col expect inc prod

cities - state keeps large scale industrial e.g. coal small scale = private X rations industry pay w’s out of profs not centrally set wage

Question 19

Ideological aspects

Answer 19

1925 Sov Com for Fin admitted miners, engine drivers and metal w’s wages dec 1913
250k priv traders in Mos

Question 20

Economic Impact

Answer 20

priv business new quickly
agri prod inc - so much grown £s dec - introed tax X quota forcing to sell so could pay
Indus prices capped
NEPmen helped Econ

Question 21

Pol & Soc Impact

Answer 21

1921 Ban on Factions
Mens & SRs = banned & 1000s arrested
Cheka = GPU 1922 & had power to stop counter rev
censorship inc & m pressure on ch 1000s on priests arrested
nomenklatura system