Agricultural & Social Developments

Question 1

Overview - Social

Answer 1

needed agri rev through forced col to facilitate rapid indust
col not new key part of M-L theory from 1921 NEP meant = slow GT forced plan = inc 50% in 1st 5YP
wanted to eradicate class enemies - Kulaks
make farmin soc
replace NEP w/ true M-L theory

Question 2

1929 - col

Answer 2

war against K speech

Question 3

1930 - col

Answer 3

temp vol col

Question 4

1931 - col

Answer 4

resume dek
launch MTS

Question 5

1932 - col

Answer 5

ukraine famine starts

Question 6

1933 - col

Answer 6

mass famine in Ukraine kazakhstan & N caucasus

Question 7

Voluntary & Forced Collectivisation

Answer 7

although offically volun after 1929 = forced
K’s to be annihilated Jan 1930 Poliburo - exclude from cols take land = anyone who annoys p / denounced by neighbours
create fear in show trial context
attack auth prop & ppl of ch

Question 8

Expansion of U-S Method

Answer 8

May 1929 almost all grain prod areas
B ops - p hostility

Question 9

Poorer Peasants Help

Answer 9

iden K’s
had most to gain from col

Question 10

Party Activists

Answer 10

Nov 1929 25k to country to help dek & promote cols & tech to hel

Question 11

Propaganda & Fear

Answer 11

positive messages to join cols
fear of K classification

Question 12

1929

Collectivisation

Answer 12

only 5% of farms vol col
15% of HHolds = K’s
some shot some sent to Siberia 1929 = 150k fams

Question 13

1930 - collectivisation

Answer 13

announces col = 50%
crit locals for overzealousness
volun dec to 20%
July 320k dek 1.8 mil deported

Question 14

1931 - col

Answer 14

col reinforced after spring crop

Question 15

1941

Answer 15

full col

Question 16

Kolkhoz

Answer 16

av 75 fams not easy to make communal field maps deaw up and fences constructed some had schools & communal buildings
quota up to 40% of crop low purchase price X payed if not met
rest shared by w’ing days = chairman & internal passports

Question 17

Sovkhoz

Answer 17

state = ideal = w’s paid wage bigger & = restricted movement land from large estates
org by indust prins for large scale prod
ps’ pref K’s

Question 18

Machine Tractor Stations Positives

Answer 18

= mech & experts to mod
1933 = 75k MTS tractors
less ps needed so could = w’s
experts to advise
inc efficiency = 95% of thrashing & 72% ploughing

Question 19

Machine Tractor Stations Negatives

Answer 19

m farms than MTS S’s got best machinery & sup -combine harvesters
hire prices = high - state sqeezing for money
only some inc efficieny - could cut not bail hay
used to spy
not enough lorries - US = over 1 mil R = 196k

Question 20

Impact of Collectivisation

Answer 20

violent op killed livestock & destroyed machines fear of K label = 18 mil horses 100 mil sheep & goats 1929-33
brutal retalliation - villages burnt 9.5-10 mil exiled 1929 150k fams to Siberia = 240k 1930 - 1000s died in harsh conditions
p’s treated badly high targets low prices nothing if not met little incentive to work common fields not priv
= drought 1931 famine spread 1932-3 continue to demand = 6-8 mil dead

Question 21

Success of Collectivisation

Answer 21

farming under state control - no hoarding
1941 complete col X priv land except small plots
funded indust & fueled migration to cities urban pop inc 22 mil to 63 mil 1922-40

Question 22

Result of Collectivisation

Answer 22

failed to inc agri prod - 1933 harvest = 9 mil tonnes lower than 1927 didnt inc above pre col levels until 1935 livestock nums dont recover until 1953
loss of m successful to dek = destruc of livestock heards poor org of farms lack of incentive to work

Question 23

Failures of Collectivisation

Answer 23

dec living standards & wages = 1/2 1928-32
famine

Question 24

Consolidating Stalin’s Position

Answer 24

despite dec exported m grain 1930-6 = 5 mil tonnes 1931 investment used to justify GT
B ops col but P agreed need class war to X K’s col allowed regime to control R