Economic Development

Question 1

1927

Answer 1

oct - start of GP crisis
nov - T, K, Z expelled
Dec - end of NEP announced

Question 2

1928

Answer 2

Jan - demands ‘co’ measures to deal w/ the crisis
Oct - launch 1st 5 yr plan

Question 3

1929

Answer 3

April - plan confirmed by CC
Nov - B expelled from Politburo
Dec - declare war on kulaks

Question 4

The Great Turn

Answer 4

main aim = indust as quick as pos - Sov USA - rapid indust & col began 1925 - 14th PC commited to indust
end of NEP = start of Stalinism

Question 5

Slow Indust Pace

Reasons the for The Great Turn

Answer 5

by 1927 NEP = failing to prod expected growth - worried about mili strength - mod war = X
want self suf less W depen on heavy plant
weak mans need efficiency if inc prod & qual & dec prices

Question 6

Grain Procurement

Reasons the for The Great Turn

Answer 6

winter 1927-8 grain dec 25% on yr b4
blame on P’s need to dec P reli

Question 7

Ideology

Reasons the for The Great Turn

Answer 7

ppl impatient for true com marx said essen to have m w’s 1928 = 20% of pop
state lost control over country need control for full com

Question 8

S’s Changing Attitude

Reasons the for The Great Turn

Answer 8

previous sups = m radical needed new solus to secure power - end of NEP meant S as dom leader

Question 9

Launch of 1st 5 Year Plan

Answer 9

50-100 yrs behind other indust countries
need to = ready for mod war - lost bc = weak
S1C achievements would show world w’s what could achieve
wanted to assert own pos
not intended to improve living standards new would cause p probs = low investment in country

Question 10

Central Planning

Answer 10

Gosplan would set targets for dif sectors
command econ = top down centralised plan

Question 11

Rapid Indust Growth

Answer 11

planned to inc 300%
heavy = prioritised - coal & oil X consumer
light inc = 100% expectation

Question 12

Investment to Infrastructure

Answer 12

inc elec to transform soc
invest in railway

Question 13

New Indust Centres

Answer 13

1000s planned
Magnitorsk steel city - settlement of 175k 250k to build 1000s of shock workers 1000s died average = 82 days 40k pris & voluns

Question 14

Propaganda & Discipline

Answer 14

boards outside f’s showing target & outputs harch pun threats = motivation

Question 15

Ideology

Answer 15

soc could achieve what caps thought impos

Question 16

Foreign Experts

Answer 16

for advice & training
US company planned Mag & trained w’s

Question 17

Reactions to 1st 5 Year Plan

Answer 17

many = :)
urban w’s hoped employ prospects & good living standards
many poor & middle p’s hoped for mod meths
higher wages for m skill
less food - col
many mans crit central planning
miners in unsafe conditions to meet targets

Question 18

Grain Procurement Crisis

Answer 18

= NB trigger for col less grain X harvests low prices little for p’s to buy so x sell
1928 U-S harvest = good GP still less than 1/3 of previous yr S blamed P’s so closed free markets & force seized grain - U-S meth thought should extend

Question 19

Features of Decision

Answer 19

already some col f’s laye dec 1927-9 not pop
1929 = 5%
Jan 1930 announce 25% by yr end target by 1932 dec prod
CC sent 25k indust w’s to inc col f’s

Question 20

Reasons for Col

Answer 20

rev broke up big estates = low prod col f’s would combo 100s - tractors to inc efficiency specialists to teach new techniques
priv trade under NEP inc p wealth hoarded grain to inc £s
GP showed not reli needed col f’s for indust = targets low price X priv trade - would coop

Question 21

Col & Bukahrin

Answer 21

= op of U-S meth & accel col - harshness risked p’s stopping food supply in WC led to food shortages rationing & protest
p offs = enthu & B’s pol pos = weak - April 1928 outvoted & Nov 1929 removed - right deviant