Civil War

Question 1

Intro

Answer 1

from early 1918 L’s insistence that peace be achieved at any cosy = resented had to fight for survival until late 1920

Question 2

Causes: Left

Answer 2

had forced K’s & SR’s out
had closed CA after SRs won
sidelined sovs and imposed 1 party dict

Question 3

Causes: Right

Answer 3

aristos & bours = alienated land business and money = lost
some wanted constitutional monarchy - officers op peace
bour got least rations so shortage hit them the hardest

Question 4

Other Causes

Answer 4

seized power w/ force - no elects
many angered by TofBL
discon w/ inabil to solve Econ problems food shortages made worse by distrib probs & loss of agri land
nat mins saw op to gain independence
some saw op to win old battles

Question 5

Reds

Answer 5

RA led by T

Question 6

Whites

Answer 6

libs former tsarists, nats & seps led by former tsarist officers - attacks = really coord often had little in common

Question 7

Greens

Answer 7

P army fighting for indepen Nestor Makhno leads guerrilla campaign in Ukraine sided w/ R’s & W’s at various times

Question 8

Allies

Answer 8

Brit, Fr, USA help W’s

Question 9

Czech Legion

Answer 9

formed from Czech ants who arrived in R during WW1 joined W’s after Bols tried to block & arrest some soldiers on trans Siberia railway

Question 10

Stage 1

Answer 10

1918-20
mainly fought east & south held area around M and w’s attack

Question 11

Stage 2

Answer 11

1920-21
m nat conflict against pol forces in W Ukraine
Gen Tukhachevsky leads push back T of Riga March 1921

Question 12

Apr - May 1918

Answer 12

CL seize parts of trans - Siberian railway - war starts
when try to arrest CL join W’s & advance on Mos

Question 13

Aug 1918

Answer 13

Denikin & Kolchaks W armies advance
Den attack SW - Mos K attacks E

Question 14

Nov 1918

Answer 14

Kol declares sup ruler of R
W’s poised for success but R’s counter stopping D & K

Question 15

Oct 1919

Answer 15

D’s army advances w/in 200 miles of M T counters forces South into Crimea
Yudenich’s army -15k - advances towards outskirts of Pet R’s rebel

Question 16

Feb 1920

Answer 16

Kol captured & shot had been retreating since 1919

Question 17

March 1920

Answer 17

D’s army evacuated to Crimea W’s retreat

Question 18

May 1920

Answer 18

Russo-Polish war distracts Bols

Question 19

Oct 1920

Answer 19

Wrangel’s army evacuated from Crimea took over after D defeated by Makhno & eval by ally ships
Bols estab control gain vic over W’s

Question 20

March 1921

Answer 20

T of Riga independence to Pol, Estonia & Latvia

Question 21

Role of Trotsky

Answer 21

covered over 65k miles in train = NB for morale
strict discipline death pen = hierarchal lines org if retreated against orders 1st shot = commissar
ruthless so had food and weapons
reintroed tanks saluting and dif pay & labour battalions
recruited 50k former tsarist officers

Question 22

Murder of the Tsar

Answer 22

July 1918 being held in Yekaterinburg in Urals guarded by Cheka heard W’s = near so murdered L probs authed it = m radical

Question 23

Reasons for Red victory

Answer 23

Geog - had central area W’s had 100s miles between armies
Unity -
Leadership - RA had T & railway to move troops W’s lacked competent advisors
support - although R sup varied land pol = m pop
other - foreign involvement didnt greatly help W’s and gave R’s prop

Question 24

Government Control

Answer 24

centralisation inc control - had 1/2 mil RA mems used to following orders
Bureuc = m than workers = org
1919 Politburo
adopted seige mentality
end 1922 USSR = officially established