Industrial & Social Developments - Towns Flashcards
5 Year Plans
1928 - 1st lauched
1932 - D dam completed
1933 - 2nd plan lauched
1936 - emphasis on arms prod
1937 - M-V canal completed
1938 - 3rd plan launched
1940 -2x arms spending
1941 - 3rd plan interrupted by Ger invasion
Gosplan
drew up plans & set targets in accor w/ P directions
= v ambitious if not enough then revised
= dif didnt have reliable stats esp imports & exports
severe puns for missing targets so false nums targets never corrected 1000s state employs dissmissed not class concious
regional P bosses comp for resources
1st 5 Yr Plan
aims - boost elec, develop HI, 2x output from light indust e.g. chems
:) - 3x elec, 2x coal & iron, steel inc 1/3
:( - no extreme targets met chem indust improves lagged consumer g’s neglected lack of skilled w’s - constantly change jobs
2nd 5 Yr Plan
aims - contin HI growth boost light indust develop communs
:) - some large scale com progs, rapid inc in elec & chems, new metals mined - tin, steel x3, coal x2, self suf in tools & metal 1937
:( - oil prod X meet consum prods short = poor quality
3rd 5 Yr Plan
aim - renewed emph on HI, promote rapid rearm, trans to com = complete
:) - some strong machinery & engineering growth, defen indust developed - T-34 tank spent double on rearm 1938-40
:( - stagnation bc defen = priority = fuel crisis lack of oil X specialists - purges Ger invasion disrupts
Considerations
nothing sim tried
initial success = wall street crash
Nazis interrupted 3rd plan - funds - army
Dneiprostrai Dam
1927-32
gen hydro elec power at time one of largest gens
x5 power in 2nd plan - powered local factories
Moscow - Volga Canal
1932 - 37
128 km made m navi for big ships improved links to Gorky
200k w’s 22k died
Komsomolsk
heavy plant & ship yards = E R to open area to development
volun Komsomol labour & pris
1939 Gos ordered 9 new aircraft f’s m = unuseable
Foreign Involvement
comps recruited to provide experts to plan & construct
MM = brit specs from underground - sev arrested for spying
Henry Ford advised on car plant in Gorky
DD used US & Canadian engineers 6 US given Order of the Red Banner of Labour
= high wages & prestige but = dangerous engineers from elec comp given ST 1933 & deported ending foreign involvement
Stakhanovites
coal miner Aug 1935 mined 102 tonnes of coal 5 hrs & 45 mins 14x norm month later = 227 tonnes = hero
others competed to break record spread to other indust to mean anyone who exceeded targets = prop movement
recieved rewards AS got 200 roubles - 1 months wages new apartment w/ phone cinema tickets
not always pop w/ mans inc targets made others look bad
OG work had extra help
Managers
had to meet targets at least on paper
got 40% bonus if exceeded
1936 had to pay own raw materials , labour & fuel out of profs
trial if didnt meet targets
work norms inc 10-50% 1936 not pop
accused of wreaking
Workers
bad living conditions
long hrs 6 days a week for 1st plan
1938 labour books recorded employ skills disci probs
tougher on absentism 1930-33 1940 = crime strikes = illegal & damaging machinery, leaving w/o permission = crime
living conditions = crowded & communal few ammenities
rationing ends 1935 hard to get food
m training ops rewarded for hard work wages lower than 1928 in 1937
Women
1940 43% w’s = women state childcare - worked bc of inc £s mans used to achieve targets - encour under 2nd plan best jobs given to men less training ops
1936 easier to access training 1940 earned 40% less than men
5 Year Plan Success
econ grew 5-6% each yr 1928-40 = global recession
became maj indust power
m ops for training & progression = pride in com system
coal = 128 - 166 1940
agri inc
poor living conditions & strict discipline fear of missing targets bribery & corruption q over q
pris labour used v low prices low prices to cols even during famine
