Lehne Chapter 68

Question 1

Immunizations

Answer 1

Purpose is to protect against infectious diseases​

Most effective method is to create a highly immune population​

Universal vaccine is the goal​

Vaccines carry risk, but risks of disease are much greater

Question 2

Vaccine

Answer 2

Whole or fractionated microorganisms​

Killed vaccines versus live vaccines​

Question 3

Toxoid

Answer 3

Bacterial toxin that has been changed to a nontoxic form​

Question 4

Vaccination

Answer 4

Any vaccine or toxoid​

​

Question 5

Active immunization

Answer 5

Response to infection or to administration of a vaccine or toxoid.

Question 6

Passive immunization

Answer 6

Conferred by giving a patient preformed antibodies (immune globulins). Unlike active immunity, passive immunity protects immediately but persists only as long as the antibodies remain in the body.​

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Question 7

Specific immune globulins

Answer 7

Preparations contain a high concentration of antibodies directed against a specific antigen (for example, hepatitis B virus)​

Administration provides immediate passive immunity​

Preparations are made from donated blood

Question 8

Reporting vaccine-preventable diseases

Answer 8

Determine whether an outbreak is occurring​

Evaluate prevention and control strategies​

Evaluate the impact of national immunization policies and practices

Question 9

Immunization records

Answer 9

National Childhood Vaccine Act of 1986 requires a permanent record of each mandated vaccination​

Date of vaccination​

Route and site of vaccination​

Vaccine type, manufacturer, lot number, expiration date​

Name, address, title of person administering the vaccine​

Reason for record​

To ensure appropriate vaccination​

To avoid overvaccination

Question 10

Adverse effects of immunization

Answer 10

Immunocompromised children are at special risk from live vaccines​

Congenital immunodeficiency​

Human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection​

Leukemia​

Lymphoma​

Generalized malignancy​

Therapy with radiation​

Cytotoxic anticancer drugs​

High-dose glucocorticoids

Question 11

Target Diseases

Answer 11

www.cdc.gov/vaccines/​

Measles​

Mumps​

Rubella​

Diphtheria​

Tetanus (lockjaw)​

Pertussis (whooping cough)​

Poliomyelitis (polio, or infantile paralysis)
Haemophilus influenzae type b ​

Varicella (chickenpox)​

Hepatitis B​

Hepatitis A​

Pneumococcal infection​

Meningococcal infection​

Influenza​

Rotavirus gastroenteritis​

Genital human papillomavirus infection​

Respiratory syncytial virus

Question 12

Measles, mumps, and rubella virus vaccine (MMR)

Answer 12

Adverse reactions​

No causal link between MMR and development of autism, Crohn’s disease, or any other serious long-term illness​

Precautions and contraindications​

Schedule

Question 13

Diphtheria and tetanus toxoids and acellular pertussis vaccine (DTaP)

Answer 13

Full series and booster shots​

Adverse effects​

Precautions and contraindications​

Schedule

Question 14

Poliovirus vaccine

Answer 14

Inactivated poliovirus vaccine (IPV, Salk vaccine)​

Adverse effects​

Schedule

Question 15

H. influenzae type b conjugate (Hib) vaccine

Answer 15

Adverse effects​

Schedule

Question 16

Varicella virus vaccine

Answer 16

Live, attenuated varicella viruses​

Adverse effects​

Schedule

Question 17

Hepatitis B vaccine

Answer 17

Hepatitis B surface antigen (HBsAg), the primary antigenic protein in the viral envelope​

Promotes synthesis of specific antibodies directed against hepatitis B virus​

Viral component, not live virus; cannot cause disease

Question 18

Hepatitis A vaccine

Answer 18

At-risk children

Question 19

Pneumococcal conjugate vaccine

Answer 19

Prevention of invasive pneumococcal disease in infants and children​

Question 20

Meningococcal conjugate vaccine (MCV4)

Answer 20

Concerns that MCV4 might cause Guillain-Barré syndrome appear to be unfounded

Question 21

Influenza vaccine

Answer 21

Annual vaccination against influenza, including the H1N1 subtype, is now recommended for all children between 6 months and 18 years of age

Question 22

Human papillomavirus vaccine

Answer 22

Gardasil and Cervarix