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Pathophysiology & Pharmacology > Lehne Chapter 105 > Flashcards

Lehne Chapter 105 Flashcards

1
Q

Topical glucocorticoids (cream, ointment, or gel)​

A

Uses​

To relieve inflammation and itching​

Drying agent​

Adverse effects​

Stretch marks​

Purpura​

Telangiectasia​

Hypertrichosis​

Possible systemic toxicity
Local reactions​

Thinning of the skin​

Stretch marks​

Purpura​

Telangiectasia​

Hypertrichosis​

Possible systemic toxicity
Adverse effects​

Systemic toxicity​

More likely with higher doses and long-term therapy​

Growth retardation in children​

Adrenal suppression​

Administration​

Apply in a thin film and gently rub into the skin​

Do not use occlusive bandages (or tight-fitting diapers and plastic pants)

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2
Q

Keratolytic Agents

A

Promote shedding of horny layer of the skin​

Primary agents and uses​

Salicylic acid: Warts, corns​

Sulfur: Acne, dandruff, psoriasis, seborrheic dermatitis​

Benzoyl peroxide

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3
Q

Treatment for Acne

A

Nondrug therapy​

Cleansing​

Drug therapy​

Benzoyl peroxide​

Antibiotics​

Topical: Clindamycin​

Oral: Tetracycline antibiotics, isotretinoin, hormonal agents​

Retinoids​

Tretinoin ​

Adapalene

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4
Q

Topical Drugs for Acne

A

Benzoyl peroxide​

Clindamycin and erythromycin​

Retinoids​

Tretinoin​

Adapalene​

Tazarotene​

Azelaic acid

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5
Q

Oral Drugs for Acne

A

Antibiotics​

Agents of choice​

Doxycycline [Vibramycin], minocycline [Minocin]​

Alternatives (resistance is common)​

Tetracycline [Sumycin], erythromycin [Ery-Tab]​

Isotretinoin​

Used to treat severe nodulocystic acne vulgaris​

Teratogenic​

Triglyceride levels must be monitored​

Adverse effects
Hormonal agents​

Spironolactone [Aldactone]

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6
Q

Sunscreens (UVA)

A

UVA penetrates the epidermis and deep into the dermis​

UVA penetrates much deeper than UVB​

UVA is the primary cause of immunosuppression, photosensitive drug reactions, and photoaging of the skin

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7
Q

Sunscreens (UVB)

A

UVB penetrates into the epidermis but goes no deeper ​

Tanning and sunburn are caused primarily by UVB

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8
Q

Sunscreens (UVA & UVB)

A

Both UVA and UVB promote damage to DNA, so both can cause premalignant actinic keratoses, basal cell carcinoma, squamous cell carcinoma, and malignant and nonmalignant melanoma

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9
Q

Sunscreens

A

Impede penetration of UV radiation to viable cells of the skin​

Can protect against sunburn, photoaging of the skin, and photosensitivity reactions to certain drugs (for example, tricyclic antidepressants, phenothiazines, sulfonamides, sulfonylureas)​

Can also reduce the risk of actinic keratoses, squamous cell carcinoma, and melanoma
Adverse effects​

Rules for labeling​

Range of UV protection and SPF​

Water/sweat resistance​

Safe sun exposure
Water and sweat resistance​

Adverse effects of sunscreens​

Proposed changes regarding sunscreen testing and labeling​

UVB rating and labeling​

Using a sunscreen effectively

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10
Q

Organic screens

A

Also known as chemical screens​

Absorb UV radiation and then dissipate it as heat​

15 of approved sunscreens

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11
Q

Inorganic screens

A

Also known as physical screens​

Scatter UV radiation​

Titanium oxide and zinc oxide​

Now micronized and clear for applying to skin

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12
Q

Sun Protection Factor (SPF)

A

SPF is an index of protection against ultraviolet B (UVB) radiation​

SPF does not address ultraviolet A (UVA) protection​

Methods for obtaining SPF are not precise​

Relationship between SPF and protection against sunburn is not linear (SPF 30 is not twice as much protection as SPF 15)

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13
Q

Psoriasis

A

Red patches with silver scales​

Common, chronic inflammatory disorder that follows an erratic course​

Initial episode usually develops in early adulthood​

Subsequent attacks may occur spontaneously or in response to triggers​

Varying degrees of severity​

Symptoms result from:​

Accelerated maturation of epidermal cells​

Excessive activity of inflammatory cells

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14
Q

Treatment for Psoriasis (topical drugs)

A

Glucocorticoids​

Vitamin D analogues: Calcipotrien, calcitriol ​

Vitamin A derivative: Tazarotene ​

Anthralin​

Tars

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15
Q

Treatment for Psoriasis: Systemic drugs (conventional agents)

A

Methotrexate​

Acitretin ​

Glucocorticoids ​

Cyclosporine

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16
Q

Treatment for Psoriasis: Biologic agents

A

Etanercept​

Infliximab​

Adalimumab​

Ustekinumab

17
Q

Treatment for Psoriasis: Procedures

A

Photochemotherapy​

Coal tar + ultraviolet B irradiation

18
Q

Actinic Keratoses (AKs)

A

Rough, scaly, red or brown papules caused by chronic exposure to sunlight​

Half of all skin cancers in the United States begin as AKs​

Drugs for AK​

Fluorouracil​

Diclofenac sodium​

Imiquimod​

Aminolevulinic acid + blue light

19
Q

Drugs for Atopic ​

Dermatitis (Eczema)

A

Glucocorticoids​

Topical immunosuppressants​

May cause skin cancer or lymphoma​

Tacrolimus​

Pimecrolimus

20
Q

Agents Used to Remove ​

Venereal Warts

A

Physical measures​

Cryotherapy, electrodesiccation, laser surgery, and conventional surgery​

Topical drugs (must be applied by provider)​

Podophyllin (must be applied by provider)​

Bichloroacetic acid (BCA) and Trichloroacetic acid (TCA) ​

Topical drugs (can be applied at home)​

Imiquimod​

Podofilox​

Kunecatechins

21
Q

Common Warts

A

Verruca vulgaris: Hard, rough, horny papules​

Majority of common warts are caused by just three types of human papillomavirus (HPV): HPV-1, HPV-2, and HPV-3​

Physical measures for removal​

Cryotherapy, electrodesiccation, curettage, and laser therapy​

Topical drugs ​

Salicylic acid, podophyllin, podofilox, imiquimod, trichloroacetic acid, and topical fluorouracil

22
Q

Antiperspirants

A

Aluminum chlorohydrate, aluminum chloride, and buffered aluminum sulfate; these agents can reduce the flow of eccrine sweat by 20% to 50% ​

23
Q

Deodorants

A

Carbanilide, triclocarban, and triclosan inhibit growth of the surface bacteria that degrade components of apocrine sweat into malodorous products; they do not suppress sweat formation​

​

24
Q

Drugs for seborrheic dermatitis and dandruff

A

Pityrosporum ovale, a microbe in the yeast family​

Symptoms respond rapidly to topical treatment with ketoconazole, an antifungal drug with activity against yeast

25
Q

Drugs for Hair

A

Treatment of hair loss​

Topical minoxidil​

Finasteride [Propecia]​

Treatment of unwanted facial hair​

Eflornithine [Vaniqa]

26
Q

Impetigo

A

Most common bacterial infection of the skin: Staphylococcus aureus​

Usually seen in children 2 to 5 years of age​

Two forms:​

Bullous ​

Nonbullous​

Impetigo is treated with antibiotics

27
Q

Local Anesthetics

A

Can be applied topically to relieve pain and itching associated with skin disorders​

Benzocaine​

Lidocaine​

Pramoxine

Pathophysiology & Pharmacology (35 decks)

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