Legionella Pneumophila & Haemophilus Influenzae Flashcards

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1
Q

What is the gram rxn & morphology of the microbe?

A

Gram-negative (stained pink/red) & are bacillus shaped

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2
Q

What are the characteristics of L. Pneumophila?

A

Contain flagella that allows for motility & are fastidious meaning they require special media (charcoal yeast extract agar) or cell culture

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3
Q

What disease does L.pneumophila cause?

A

Legionnaires disease (a type of pneumonia)

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4
Q

Where are legionella found?

A

Fresh water (living intracellularly in amoeba)

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5
Q

What is the incubation period for legionnaires disease?

A

2-10 days (average of 4)

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6
Q

What are the signs & symptoms of legionnaires disease?

A

Rising fever, cough, diarrhea, abdominal pain, impaired respiration, & organ failure

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7
Q

What is the primary mode of transmission?

A

Vehicle transmission via aerosoles (inhaling aerosols)

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8
Q

What are the virulence factors?

A
  • Endotoxins
  • Porin proteins (part of the gram - cell wall that allow for attachment)
  • Can survive & multiply in phagocytes
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9
Q

What patients are @ risk?

A
  • smokers
  • older males
  • elderly w/ underling conditions (I.e. alcoholism/diabetes)
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10
Q

How can we diagnose?

A
  • Antibody tiers
  • culturing
  • urine antigen test
  • FAT
  • DNA probes
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11
Q

What is the treatment?

A

Antibiotics

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12
Q

How to prevent?

A

Clean shower heads & properly maintain hot tubs or hot water tanks

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13
Q

Name some characteristics for Haemophlius influenzae

A
  • gram negative bacilli
  • facultative anaerobe
  • sensitive to drying out disinfectants & antibiotics (GOOD)
  • fastidious (need enriched media to grow)
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14
Q

What color are P.aeruginosa & H. Influenzae for the gram stain rxn?

A

Red/ pink because they are gram negative

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15
Q

What is the reservoir for H. Influenzae ?

A

Humans (healthy adult carriers) , found in the upper respiratory tract of humans

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16
Q

H. Influenzae is the leading cause of what?

A

It’s the leading cause of meningitis in children

17
Q

What are the virulence factor of H. Influenzae?

A
  • endotoxins
  • capsular antigens
18
Q

What diseases does Haemophilus influenzae cause?

A
  • otitis media (ear infection)
  • meningitis (can be deadly for children under the age of 5)
19
Q

What is the treatment for H. Influenzae?

A

Antibiotics however bacterial meningitis can be rapidly fatal even w/ effective antibiotic therapy

20
Q

What is the present for H. Influenzae?

A

Hib vaccine