Chapter 14-15: Mechanisms Of Pathogenicity (part 2)

Question 1

What is a localized infection?

Answer 1

Microbes enter the body and remains confined to a specific tissue

Question 2

What is a systemic infection?

Answer 2

Spreads throughout the body (i.e. bloodstream)

Question 3

What is a mixed infection?

Answer 3

Several microbes grow simultaneously at the infection site-polymicrobial (poly= many)

Question 4

What is a primary infection?

Answer 4

Acute infection that causes Initial illness

Question 5

What is a secondary infection?

Answer 5

Opportunistic infection after a primary infection

Question 6

An acute infection is

Answer 6

Comes rapidly with severe but short lived effects

Question 7

What is a chronic infection?

Answer 7

Persisting for a long time or constantly recurring

Question 8

What are the four stages of infection?

Answer 8

1. Incubation period
2. Prodromal stage
3. Period of disease
4. Convalescent period

Question 9

What happens during the incubation period?

Answer 9

Time of exposure to the pathogen to the appearance of first signs of the disease

Question 10

What happens in the prodromal stage?

Answer 10

Vague feelings of discomfort

Question 11

What happens in the period of disease?

Answer 11

Pathogen multiplies at high levels, becomes well established, more specific signs and symptoms

Question 12

What happens in the convalescent period?

Answer 12

You feel better and symptoms decline

Question 13

Communicable disease

Answer 13

Goes from one person to another

Question 14

Non communicable infectious disease

Answer 14

Does not get passed from one person to another

Question 15

What is a reservoir?

Answer 15

Primary habitat of a pathogen normally lives, grows and multiplies

Question 16

Can an animal be a reservoir?

Answer 16

Yes, a reservoir can be living or inanimate object (the source)

Question 17

What are the 3 types of transmission?

Answer 17

Contact, vehicles, and vectors

Question 18

What are the 3 types of Contact transmission from a reservoir?

Answer 18

1. Direct contact
2. Indirect contact
3. Droplet transmission

Question 19

Person to person transmission is a form of?

Answer 19

Direct contact

Question 20

What is indirect contact?

Answer 20

Transmission through touching a non living object that’s contaminated or infected

Question 21

What is droplet transmission?

Answer 21

Transmission via airborne droplets (coughing & sneezing)

Question 22

what is a Asymptomatic carrier ?

Answer 22

Show no symptoms

Question 23

What is an example of a passive carrier?

Answer 23

Contaminated healthcare provider picks up pathogens and transfers them to other patients

Question 24

What is zoonosis?

Answer 24

An infectious disease that is transmitted from animals

Question 25

What is vehicle transmission?

Answer 25

Transmission by inanimate object reservoir

Question 26

What are the 3 types of vehicle transmission?

Answer 26

Air, water, food

Question 27

What’s the transmission of vectors?

Answer 27

Animals that carry pathogens from one host to another

Question 28

What is a Mechanical transmission from vector?

Answer 28

The passive transport of the pathogens on the insects feet or other body parts (I.e. fly)

Question 29

What is biological transmission from a vector?

Answer 29

The transmission of pathogen from one host to another when the pathogen reproduces in the vector (I.e. mosquitos)

Question 30

What are exotoxins?

Answer 30

Proteins produced inside the bacterial cells and secrete/release the toxins outside the cell (gram + & gram -)

Question 31

What are endotoxins? (HINT* endo=within)

Answer 31

Lipid portions (LPS) that are part of the outer membrane are released when the bacteria dies and cell wall lyses or breaks (gram - only)