Chapter 14-15: Mechanisms Of Pathogenicity (part 2) Flashcards
What is a localized infection?
Microbes enter the body and remains confined to a specific tissue
What is a systemic infection?
Spreads throughout the body (i.e. bloodstream)
What is a mixed infection?
Several microbes grow simultaneously at the infection site-polymicrobial (poly= many)
What is a primary infection?
Acute infection that causes Initial illness
What is a secondary infection?
Opportunistic infection after a primary infection
An acute infection is
Comes rapidly with severe but short lived effects
What is a chronic infection?
Persisting for a long time or constantly recurring
What are the four stages of infection?
- Incubation period
- Prodromal stage
- Period of disease
- Convalescent period
What happens during the incubation period?
Time of exposure to the pathogen to the appearance of first signs of the disease
What happens in the prodromal stage?
Vague feelings of discomfort
What happens in the period of disease?
Pathogen multiplies at high levels, becomes well established, more specific signs and symptoms
What happens in the convalescent period?
You feel better and symptoms decline
Communicable disease
Goes from one person to another
Non communicable infectious disease
Does not get passed from one person to another
What is a reservoir?
Primary habitat of a pathogen normally lives, grows and multiplies
Can an animal be a reservoir?
Yes, a reservoir can be living or inanimate object (the source)
What are the 3 types of transmission?
Contact, vehicles, and vectors
What are the 3 types of Contact transmission from a reservoir?
- Direct contact
- Indirect contact
- Droplet transmission
Person to person transmission is a form of?
Direct contact
What is indirect contact?
Transmission through touching a non living object that’s contaminated or infected
What is droplet transmission?
Transmission via airborne droplets (coughing & sneezing)
what is a Asymptomatic carrier ?
Show no symptoms
What is an example of a passive carrier?
Contaminated healthcare provider picks up pathogens and transfers them to other patients
What is zoonosis?
An infectious disease that is transmitted from animals
What is vehicle transmission?
Transmission by inanimate object reservoir
What are the 3 types of vehicle transmission?
Air, water, food
What’s the transmission of vectors?
Animals that carry pathogens from one host to another
What is a Mechanical transmission from vector?
The passive transport of the pathogens on the insects feet or other body parts (I.e. fly)
What is biological transmission from a vector?
The transmission of pathogen from one host to another when the pathogen reproduces in the vector (I.e. mosquitos)
What are exotoxins?
Proteins produced inside the bacterial cells and secrete/release the toxins outside the cell (gram + & gram -)
What are endotoxins? (HINT* endo=within)
Lipid portions (LPS) that are part of the outer membrane are released when the bacteria dies and cell wall lyses or breaks (gram - only)
