Chapter 14-15: Mechanisms Of Pathogenicity (part 1)

Question 1

What is pathogenicity?

Answer 1

The ability to cause disease

Question 2

What is resident flora AKA normal flora?

Answer 2

Microbes that colonize a host without causing disease

Question 3

T/F most areas of the body in contact with the outside environment harbor resident microbes

Answer 3

True

Question 4

What are Transient microbiota?

Answer 4

Microbes that occupy the body for only a short time period, can last for days/weeks (come & go)

Question 5

What are resident microbiota?

Answer 5

Microbes that become established (permanent aka normal flora)

Question 6

Name some areas in the body that have resident flora

Answer 6

Skin, mouth, GI tract, external genitalia, and upper respiratory tract

Question 7

What is a sterile site?

Answer 7

An area that is free of microorganisms

Question 8

Sterile sites in the body include?

Answer 8

Heart, lungs, brain, bloodstream, and kidneys

Question 9

What happens when sterile areas in the body are comprised?

Answer 9

Inflammation occurs in attempt to attack the invading microbes

Question 10

What are the benefits of normal flora?

Answer 10

Helps prevent overgrowth of harmful microbes, helps digest food, and create an environment that may prevent infections and enhance host defenses

Question 11

What must a pathogen do to cause disease in the host (HINT* getting in and out) ?

Answer 11

Pathogen enters portal of entry (skin) through # of invading microbes, adherence, multiplies, infects target, causes disease and goes out through portal of exit (coughing)

Question 12

What is a virulence factor?

Answer 12

A characteristic or structure that contributes to the ability of a microbe to cause disease

Question 13

What are 3 examples of virulence factors?

Answer 13

Endotoxins, capsules and spores

Question 14

What is a endogenous infection?

Answer 14

An infection that occurs when normal flora is introduced to a site that was previously sterile

Question 15

What can disrupt our normal flora?

Answer 15

Antibiotics, pH, dietary changes, and disease

Question 16

What is a pathogen?

Answer 16

Infectious agent

Question 17

What is the difference between infection vs disease?

Answer 17

Infections is a condition in which pathogenic microbes penetrate host defenses, enter tissues and multiply. A disease is when an infection causes damage or disruption to the tissues and organs (host health is altered)

Question 18

What is a true pathogen?

Answer 18

Capable of causing disease in healthy individuals with normal immune defenses (Does not require a weaken host)

Question 19

What is an opportunistic pathogen?

Answer 19

Cause disease when the host defenses are compromised

Question 20

What are some factors that increase susceptibility to opportunistic pathogens?

Answer 20

Old age, extreme youth, genetic defects in immunity, surgery, organ disease, and physical/mental stress

Question 21

What are Exogenous agents?

Answer 21

Originate from source outside the body

Question 22

What are endogenous agents?

Answer 22

Already exist on or in the body (normal flora)

Question 23

What is an infectious dose (ID)?

Answer 23

The minimum number of microbes needed to produce infection

Question 24

The ability to attach to cell via fimbriae,cilia, and adhesive slime and capsules

Answer 24

Adherence