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IT GCSE > Legalities and Ethics > Flashcards

Legalities and Ethics Flashcards

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1
Q

AI

A

Artificial Intelligence

the idea that computers can learn

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2
Q

Basel Convention

A

a treaty set up to reduce the amount of hazardous waste, such as e-waste

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3
Q

BCS Personal Data Guardianship Code

A

British Computer Society Personal Data Guardianship Code

used to help organisations understand their ethical responsibilities, split into six sections

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4
Q

Access

A

directs who should have access to what under ethical code

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5
Q

Accountability

A

directs how people should be held accountable for breaches of ethical code

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6
Q

Consent

A

directs when consent is needed to access data under ethical code

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7
Q

Responsibility

A

directs where responsibility lies for breaches of ethical code

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8
Q

Stewardship

A

directs any ideas relating to stewardship under ethical code

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9
Q

Visibility

A

directs what should or shouldn’t be visible to whom under ethical code

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10
Q

Cloud Computing

A

using remote computers to facilitate storage or processing across the internet

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11
Q

CMA

A

Computer Misuse Act 1990

laws put in place to help combat issues arising from computer misuse

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12
Q

Code of Conduct

A

defines acceptable behaviour within an organisation, eg log off computer after use, turn off computer when not in use, emails should be properly formatted

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13
Q

Formal Code of Conduct

A

a code of conduct that is actually written down

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14
Q

Personal Code of Conduct

A

a code of conduct specific to a person, which reflects their own ethical standards in everyday actions

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15
Q

Informal Code of Conduct

A

where there is no hard copy of the code of conduct, and instead, a business relies on common sense and where senior members of staff set an example to junior members

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16
Q

Computer Misuse Act Term 1

A

access data without permission eg looking at someone else’s files, carries a six month prison sentence and £500 fine

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17
Q

Computer Misuse Act Term 2

A

access computer systems without hacking eg hacking, carries a six month prison sentence and £500 fine

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18
Q

Computer Misuse Act Term 3

A

alter data stored on a computer system without permission eg writing a virus that deliberately deletes data, carries an unlimited fine and a 1 year prison sentence

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19
Q

Copyright, Designs and Patents Act 1988

A

legislation that protects intellectual property, making it illegal to share any work that has copyright without the owner’s permission and plagiarise the work of another that has copyright

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20
Q

Copyright Free

A

something that does not have copyright

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21
Q

Copyright Notice

A

something acknowledging the original creator/owner of work that must be intact on all copies of the work

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22
Q

Creative Commons Licencing

A

an organisation that provides licences to individuals or other organisations that want to give the public the ability to legally share and develop their work, meaning if a person’s intellectual property has a Creative Commons Licence, the individual does not need to ask the owner’s permission to use it.

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23
Q

Attribution Licence

A

a type of creative commons licence that allows work to be shared, copied and modified, but the creator must be credited

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24
Q

Non-Commerical Licence

A

allows work to be shared, copied and modified, but the creator must be credited and the work cannot be used to make a profit

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25
Q

Non-Derivative Works Licence

A

allows work to be shared and redistributed, but not modified in any way

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26
Q

Share-Alike Licence

A

allows work to be shared, copied and modified, but the creator must be credited and the modified work must be released under the same terms as the original

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27
Q

Cultural Considerations

A

a set of considerations regarding the ideas, customs and social behaviour of a society

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28
Q

Data Portability

A

a person’s right to move their data between different organisations

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29
Q

DPA

A

Data Protection Act 2018

laws about personal data held by an organisation, stating that personal data must be kept up-to-date and accurate, not held for any longer than is necessary, that individuals relating to that information can access it and correct it and that they can receive compensation if the law is not followed regarding their data.

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30
Q

First Data Protection Principle

A

processing of personal data for any of the law enforcement purposes must be lawful and fair

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31
Q

Second Data Protection Principle

A

the law enforcement purpose for which personal data is collected on any occasion must be specified, explicit and legitimate, and personal data so collected must not be processed in a manner that is incompatible with the purpose for which it was collected

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32
Q

Third Data Protection Principle

A

personal data processed for any of the law enforcement purposes must be adequate, relevant and not excessive in relation to the purpose for which it is processed

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33
Q

Fourth Data Protection Principle

A

personal data processed for any of the law enforcement purposes must be adequate, relevant and, where necessary, kept up to date, and every reasonable step must be taken to ensure that personal data that is inaccurate, having regard to the las enforcement purpose for which it is processed, is erased and rectified without delay

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34
Q

Fifth Data Protection Principle

A

personal data processed for any law enforcement purposes must be kept for no longer than is necessary for the purposes for which it is processed

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35
Q

Sixth Data Protection Principle

A

personal data processed for any of the law enforcement purposes must be so processed in a manner that ensures appropriate security of the personal data, using appropriate technical and organisational measures

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36
Q

Exemptions to the DPA

A
  • Data related to the prevention and detection of crime
  • Data related to the capture and prosecution of offenders
  • Data related to the assessment or collection of tax or duty
  • Data related to personal data by an individual for purposes of their personal, family or household affairs
  • Data related to national security and the armed forces
  • Data related to journalistic, literary or artistic purposes
  • Data related to research, statistical or historical purposes
  • Data related to an individual’s physical or mental health
  • Data related to an individual’s educational records or relates to social work
  • Data relating to human fertilisation and embryology
  • Adoption records
  • EHCPs
  • Data related to a corporate finance service
  • Data related to child abuse
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37
Q

Digital Divide

A

the gap between those who have access to computer technology and the internet and those that don’t

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38
Q

Energy Star

A

label given to devices that use 30-75% less energy than a normal device

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39
Q

Environmental Considerations

A

considerations regarding the surroundings or conditions in which a person, animal or plant lives in or operates

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40
Q

Ethics

A

a set of moral principles formed by society

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41
Q

Ethical Considerations

A

a set of considerations to promote what is good for society

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42
Q

Public Considerations

A

ethical considerations regarding how employees should act regarding public interest

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43
Q

Client and Employer Considerations

A

ethical considerations regarding how employees should act regarding their client and employer

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44
Q

Product Considerations

A

ethical considerations regarding how employees should act regarding their products, for example, keeping their products and related modifications to the highest standards possible

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45
Q

Judgement Considerations

A

ethical considerations regarding independence, integrity and personal judgement

46
Q

Management Considerations

A

ethical considerations regarding the ethical approach of managers

47
Q

Profession Considerations

A

ethical considerations regarding advancement

48
Q

Colleagues Consideration

A

ethical considerations regarding colleagues

49
Q

Self Considerations

A

ethical considerations regarding the practice of their specific profession

50
Q

E-Waste

A

discarded electronic appliances such as mobile phones, computers and televisions

51
Q

Fossil Fuels

A

are often burnt to provide energy for computers and damage the environment. To avoid this, users can turn off computers and peripherals when not in use, adjust power setting to minimise power consumption, and choose more energy-efficient and environmentally-friendly devices, for example laptops instead of desktop machines, as these use 75% less energy, using a smaller monitor, as these account for most of the power used by computers, use inkjet printers instead of laser printers, as they use about 90% less energy, or use devices with the Energy Star label

52
Q

FoIA

A

Freedom of Information Act 2000

legislation making it possible for the public to access information about a public organisation, including activities they partake in, making it mandatory for organisations to publish some data regularly and allow people to access this data and make further requests

53
Q

FoIA Term 1

A

public authorities are obliged to publish certain information about their activities

54
Q

FoIA Term 2

A
55
Q

Exemptions to the FoIA

A
  • information held for criminal investigations
  • information relating to correspondence with the royal family
  • information where disclosure may cause a specific type of harm, such as endangering health and safety
  • information that would prejudice law enforcement
  • information that would prejudice someone’s commercial interests
56
Q

Footprinting

A

the first step in the evaluation of the security of any computer system, involves gathering all available information about the computer system or network and the devices that are attached to it, enabling a penetration tester to discover how much detail a potential attacker could find out about a system and allowing an organisation to limit the technical information about its systems that is publicly available

57
Q

GDPR

A

General Data Protection Regulation

the EU’s rules on data protection and privacy, were used in the UK until 2018

58
Q

Globalisation

A

how computer technologies are helping to connect the world, with advantages and disadvantages

59
Q

Hackers

A

people who find bugs in systems

60
Q

Black-Hat Hacker

A

hackers who find vulnerabilities and use them to cause harm or sell them to someone who will

61
Q

Grey-Hat Hacker

A

hackers who identify as both black- and white-hats, who often sell vulnerabilities to other people to cause harm and notify the company of the vulnerability in order to get paid twice

62
Q

White-Hat Hacker

A

ethical hackers who find bugs in systems and report them back to companies

63
Q

Increased Pollution

A

the increase in use of technology causes an increase in pollution, causing a decrease in food resources

64
Q

Increased Population

A

the internet means that health information is more widely available, contributing to an increase in population, causing problems in developing countries where food and healthcare products are scarce

65
Q

ICC

A

Independent Complaints Commission

the organisation in charge of dealing with Data Protection breaches

66
Q

IAR

A

Information Asset Register

a log or index of personal data held by an organisation under DPA

67
Q

Information Commissioner

A

all organisations storing personal information in relation to the Data Protection Act have to register with this organisation

68
Q

Inkjet Printer

A

printers that use 90% less energy than laser printers, but are not as high quality

69
Q

Intellectual Property

A

person’s property that is the result of their creativity

70
Q

Laptop

A

use 75% less power than desktop machines

71
Q

Laser Printer

A

printers that use 90% more energy than inkjet, but are high quality

72
Q

Landfill

A

in many countries, it is illegal to dump technological products in landfill as they contain non-biodegradable materials and have toxic materials that can leak into the surrounding earth and waters

73
Q

Legal Considerations

A

a set of considerations that violate rules which a particular country or community recognises as regulating the actions of its members and which it may enforce my the imposition of penalties

74
Q

Legislation

A

describes a law or laws set in place by the government

75
Q

Monitor

A

monitors use more than 50% more energy than the actual computer, depending on how big the monitor is

76
Q

Open Source Software

A

software that can be developed collectively online, such as Fandom and Wikipedia

77
Q

COSS

A

Commercial Open Source Software

open source software with pull copyright, patents and trademarks that are controlled by a single entity

78
Q

Community Open Source

A

not-for-profit open-source software operated by a community of developers

79
Q

Privacy Considerations

A

considerations regarding an individual’s anonymity and how safe they feel in a location

80
Q

Privacy Notice

A

a notice that people can look at that explains what data is being collected, what it will be used for, how long it will be kept for

81
Q

Privacy Policy

A

a policy that a user has to agree to that lays out how the user’s data will be used by the company

82
Q

Professionalism

A

the standards of people expected within a professional setting and also how we present ourselves to work colleagues and clients

83
Q

Professional Standards

A

lays out appropriate use of computer systems in a given environment

84
Q

Proprietary Software

A

software whose rights are owned by an individual or a company, usually the one that developed it, where usage is often restricted and the source code is not available publicly, usually targeted for end users with no technical or programming background

85
Q

Public Entertainment Licence

A

licence that allows copyrighted material such as music or films to be shown or played publicly

86
Q

Public Organisation

A

defined by the government as schools, universities, governmental departments, the Houses of Parliament, local councils, the police, the NHS and the armed forces

87
Q

RIPA

A

Regulation of Investigatory Powers Act 2000

law that regulates the powers of public bodies to carry out surveillance and investigation, covering the purpose for which they may be used, which authorities can use the power, who should authorise each use of the power, the use that can be made of the material gained, independent judicial oversight, the means of redress for the individual

88
Q

RIPA Power 1

A

powers concerning the interception of communications

89
Q

RIPA Power 2

A

powers concerning the acquisition of communications data

90
Q

RIPA Power 3

A

powers concerning intrusive surveillance

91
Q

RIPA Power 4

A

powers concerning covert surveillance in the course of specific operations

92
Q

RIPA Power 5

A

powers concerning the use of CHIS and UCOs

93
Q

RIPA Power 6

A

powers concerning access to encrypted data

94
Q

Recycle

A

an environmentally-friendly solution allowing components in computers, such as precious metals, to be retrieved and recycled

95
Q

Repair

A

to prolong the life of a computer, delaying the need to manufacture a replacement

96
Q

Right to be Forgotten

A

a person’s right under GDPR to ask an organisation to delete all personal data they hold about them

97
Q

Sanctions

A

a penalty for breaking rules

98
Q

Server Farm

A

a large number of servers in the same place, used for large-scale storage or processing

99
Q

Software Licence

A

a legal instrument governing the use of software

100
Q

Concurrent User Licence

A

a licence that allows a given number of people to use it

101
Q

Freeware

A

software such as Wikipedia and Fandom, that anyone can use or edit

102
Q

Network Licence

A

licence that allows software to be used anywhere on the internet

103
Q

Shareware

A

software that anyone can use free of charge, but not edit, often given as a trial version until the person pays for the full version

104
Q

Site Licence

A

a licence that allows a service to be used anywhere on a company’s site

105
Q

Software Piracy

A

this is the illegal copying of software for either personal or business use

106
Q

Stakeholder

A

someone with an interest or concern in a business

107
Q

Telecommunications Regulations Act 2000

A

legislation that gives businesses the right to monitor communication on their own networks

108
Q

Teleworking

A

working from home

109
Q

Theft

A

the theft of hardware and software ideas and innovations

110
Q

Energy Star

A

a label given to devices that use 30-75% less energy than a standard product

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