Legal W5 Flashcards
IoT Privacy Definitie Art 8. EVRM
Eenieder heeft recht op respect voor zijn privéleven, zijn familie- en gezinsleven, zijn woning en zijn correspondentie
IoT Privacy Tenzij… Art 8. EVRM
Geen inmenging tenzij in gedrang:
nationale veiligheid
openbare veiligheid
economisch welzijn van het land
goede zeden
bescherming van de gezondheid
voorkomen van wanordelijkheden en strafbare feiten
bescherming van de rechten en vrijheden van anderen
Internet of Things Evolutie Internet
De evolutie van het internet in het kort:
Internet om dingen op te zoeken
Internet om de communiceren
Internet om dingen aan te sturen
Internet om machines te laten communiceren
Internet of Things Reference Model 7-lagen
- Collaboration and Processes
- Application
- Data Abstraction
- Data Accumulation
- Edge Computing
- Connectivity
- Physical Devices
Internet of Things Reference Model 5-lagen
Doen (Do)
Leren (Learn)
Verzamelen en Opslaan (Collect)
Connecteren (Connect)
Dingen (Things)
Op dit moment wordt er meer en meer een 5 lagen structuur gebruikt die meer vanuit de praktische bouw is ingegeven. Wij zullen in het vervolg deze 5-lagen structuur hanteren.
Bij de ontwikkeling van de casus kun je dit ook als handvest gebruiken voor beslissingen of werkverdeling. In ieder geval is het goed bruikbaar voor documentatie en communicatie met anderen. Maar de lijn die we verder volgen zal er een zijn van uit het zichthoek van een onderneming die een IoT systeem wil introduceren, dit is vaak niet op jullie praktijkcase van toepassing, maar essentieel inzicht indien je in de toekomst bij IoT-projecten wordt betrokken.
Internet of Things 3 A’s
Aware
Bewust van de omgeving. Meten van omgevingsfactoren zoals b.v. plaats, temperatuur, snelheid en acceleratie, druk, enz.
Autonomous
Uit zich zelf data kunnen vergaren (verwerken) en versturen
Actionable
Het moet de gebruiker in staat stellen beslissingen te nemen en actie te ondernemen, of zelf acties initiëren op basis van voorprogrammering of eigen interpretaties (machine learning)
Internet of Things Uitdagingen- Security
Meerderheid van de IoT-apparaten is kwetsbaar
Geen basisbeveiliging aanwezig
Geen software updatemechanismen
Veel 0-day-exploits op onderliggend OS
Maker Based Community (nogal wat hobbyprojecten)
Cryptografie
(SSL/TLS): devices beperkte CPU/RAM
Implementaties niet geoptimaliseerd
Internet of Things Uitdagingen- protocol
Marktstandaarden:…of hetgebrekeraan
Elk bedrijf vecht voor eigen standaard
Minimale samenwerking tussen partijen
Intellectueel eigendom (IP)
IEEE werkt om standaard teintroduceren
Toolittle,toolate?
Intellectual Property Vormen
Patent
Are granted for technical inventions. Applications for patents are examined by the patent office they are filed with, in order to determine whether they meet the stringent requirements for a patent to be granted. Patents generally last for a maximum of 20 years from the date of filing.
Utility models
offer less effective protection, for a shorter period of time, but are usually registered and published much more quickly than patents.
Copyright
does not need to be registered. It automatically exists when a work is created. It protects any type of original, creative expression, including literature, art, drama, music, photographs, recordings and broadcasts.
Trade marks
distinctive signs indicating the source of a product or service. They include, for example, names, logos and colours applied to the owner’s products or services, which distinguish them from products and services provided by competitors.
Registered designs
protect the external appearance of a product.They do not give any protection for technical aspects. They include new patterns, ornaments and shapes. To be officially registered, designs need to be original and distinctive. The artistic aspects of a design may also be protected by copyright.
An unregistered design is a free, automatic right that you get when you present a design to the public. It gives you the right to stop anyone from copying your design. The protection afforded by an unregistered design is normally of more limited duration than that available for a registered design.
Trade secrets
cover information not known to the public. If the possessor of the information is careful to keep it confidential, he can sue anyone who steals it.
Intellectual Property IP-systeem
The IP system is there to help innovators protect their inventions, designs, brands, artistic works, and so on. It provides them with ownership over their work and the rights to exclude competitors from the production, import or sale of infringing goods.
Intellectual Property Patent (Octrooi)?
A patent is sometimes considered as a contract between the applicant and society.
Applicants and patent owners are interested in benefiting - personally - from their inventions.
They have the right to prevent others from making, using, offering for sale, selling or importing a product that infringes their patent, for a limited amount of time and in the country for which the patent has been granted. The exception to this is use for non-commercial purposes, for example private use or academic research.
Society is interested in:
encouraging innovation so that better products can be made and better production methods can be used for the benefit of all,
protecting new innovative companies so that they can compete with large established companies, in order to maintain a competitive economy,
learning the details of new inventions so that other engineers and scientists can further improve them, and
promoting technology transfer, for example from universities to industry.
In return for this protection, the applicant has to reveal his invention to the public, so others can build on it. As a rule, patent offices publish applications after 18 months. At this stage they become visible to everyone.
This “social contract” is institutionalised in the form of patent law.
Intellectual Property Wat is een Database?
A database is a collection of independent works, data or other materials arranged in a systematic or methodical way and individually accessible by electronic or other means.
Intellectual Property Wat is een Trademark
any sign, capable of being represented graphically, which distinguishes the goods and services of one undertaking (company or organisation) from those of another.
Intellectual Property Kenmerken Trademark
Different types
The many different types of trade mark include word marks, figurative marks and colour and shape marks.
Distinctive
According to the definition, trade marks or signs must be distinctive. A lack of distinctive character is therefore an absolute ground for refusal of registration. Trade marks which are descriptive or generic are not capable of fulfilling the origin function.
Refusal
Other absolute grounds for refusal include signs that are contrary to public policy and the principles of morality.
Relative grounds for refusal exist where the peaceful co-existence of two marks is not possible because of the likelihood of confusion on the part of the consumer.
Intellectual Property Wat is een Design
the outward appearance of the whole or parts of a product resulting from its features.
Intellectual Property wat is een product
A product can be any industrial or handicraft item.
Examples
Examples of design features include lines, colours and shapes. Examples of the products to which they are applied or in which they are incorporated include packaging and logos.
Intellectual Property Require-ments product
Novelty
The design must be new. In other words, no other identical design has been made available to the public.
Individual Character
This requirement is not met if another design which creates the same overall impression on the informed user has already been disclosed.
Intellectual Property Wat zijn Geographical indications
identify a good as originating in the territory of a country or a region or locality in that territory, where a given quality, reputation or other characteristic of the good is essentially attributable to its geographical origin
Intellectual Property Proces Utility models?
Utility models are intellectual property rights that protect technical inventions, just like patents. In contrast to patents, however, utility models are available in some countries - for example Austria, China, Germany and Japan - but not in others - for example Canada,the UK and the USA.
Generally speaking, applications for utility models must be filed in the country where the applicant is seeking protection for their invention.
There is no European or international utility model, nor, apart from in Africa, is there any centralised filing option. In some countries, however, utility models may be filed based on an international PCT application.
Depending on the law in the country concerned, utility models offer protection for up to a maximum of 10 years. This contrasts with patents, which offer 20 years of protection.
In most countries, utility models are registered without examination, within a few months of filing the application. They can be either in addition to or as an alternative to a patent.
Intellectual Property Wat zijn Plant variety rights
Exclusive exploitation right for new plants varieties
4 requirements protection
Novelty (Nieuw)
Distinctness (Onderscheidend)
Uniformly (Uniform)
Stability (Stabiliteit)
Rights holder = breeder
Obtained through registration
Intellectual Property Wat is een Semi-conductor topography right
Semiconductor topography rights protect layout designs of integrated circuits.
Three-dimensional components and layers and their interconnections
Copying relatively easy
Reverse engineering accepted practice
IP Wat is Copyright
protects any production of the human mind, such as literary and artistic works.
This production must be an expression and not a mere idea.
The expression must be original.
creates a special legal relationship between authors and their work.
It confers legal protection for a limited period of time after death:
50 yrs (international).
70 yrs (EU)
IP Wat is een Trade secret
Information that
is not generally known or easily discovered
has a business, commercial or economic value (actual or potential) because the information is not generally known
is subject to reasonable efforts to maintain secrecy
Unlimited life, provided the information does not become public knowledge.
