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Anatomy > Leg Muscles > Flashcards

Leg Muscles Flashcards

1
Q

Tibialis anterior IO Innervation

A

Origin:
* Upper 2/3 of lateral proximal tibia
* Lateral tibial condyle
* Interosseous membrane

Insertion:
* Medial and inferior surface of the medial cuneiform bone
* Adjacent surfaces on base of the 1st metatarsal bone

Innervation
Deep fibular nerve

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2
Q

Tibialis anterior Action

A
  • Dorsiflexion of foot at ankle joint
  • Inversion of foot at talar joints
  • Dynamic support of medial longitudinal arch of foot
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3
Q

Extensor hallucis longus IO Innervation

A

Origin:
* Middle ½ of medial surface of fibula
* Adjacent surface of interosseous membrane

Insertion:
* Dorsal surface of base of the distal phalanx of 1st digit

Innervation
Deep fibular nerve

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4
Q

Extensor hallucis longus

A
  • Dorsiflexion of foot at ankle joint
  • Extension of 1st digit at MTP, IP joint
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5
Q

Extensor digitorum longus IO innervation

A

Origin:
* Proximal ½ of medial surface of fibula
* Lateral condyle of the tibia
* Interosseous membrane

Insertion:
* Bases of distal and middle phalanges of digits #2-5 via extensor expansions

Innervation
* Deep fibular nerve

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6
Q

Extensor digitorum longus Action

A
  • Dorsiflexion of foot at ankle joint
  • Extension of digits #2–5 at MTP, IP joints
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7
Q

Fibularis tertius IO Action Innervation

A

Origin:
* Medial surface of the distal fibula

Insertion:
* Dorsomedial surface of base of 5th metatarsal

Action
* Dorsiflexion of foot at ankle joint
* Eversion of foot at talar joints

Innervation
* Deep fibular nerve

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8
Q

Fibularis longus IO Innervation

A

Origin:
* Lateral surface of the proximal fibula
* Lateral tibial condyle

Insertion:
* Plantar aspect of lateral side of distal end of medial cuneiform bone and base of 1st metatarsal bone

Innervation
* Superficial fibular nerve

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9
Q

Fibularis longus Action

A
  • Eversion of foot at talar joints
  • Plantarflexion of foot at ankle joint
  • Supports longitudinal and transverse arches of the foot
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10
Q

Fibularis brevis IO Action Innervation

A

Origin:
* Lower 2/3 of lateral surface of the fibula
* Intermuscular septum

Insertion:
* Tuberosity of the base of the 5th metatarsal

Action
* Eversion of foot at talar joints
* Plantarflexion of foot at ankle joint

Innervation
* Superficial fibular nerve

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11
Q

Gastrocnemius IO Action Innervation

A

Origin:
* Lateral head: Posterior surface of femur on upper posterolateral surface of lateral femoral condyle

  • Medial head: Posterior surface of distal femur just superior to medial femoral condyle

Insertion:
* Posterior surface of the calcaneus via the calcaneal tendon

Action
* Plantarflexion of foot at ankle joint
* Flexion of leg at knee joint

Innervation
* Tibial nerve

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12
Q

Soleus IO Action Innervation

A

Origin:
* Soleal line and medial border of the tibia
* Posterior surface of the proximal fibula (head, neck, and proximal shaft)
* Fibrous arch between tibia and fibula

Insertion:
* Posterior surface of the calcaneus via the calcaneal tendon

Action:
* Plantarflexion of foot at ankle joint

Innervation:
* Tibial nerve

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13
Q

Plantaris IO Action Innervation

A

Origin:
* Lateral supracondylar line of femur
* Oblique popliteal ligament of knee

Insertion:
* Posterior surface of the calcaneus via the calcaneal tendon

Action
* Plantarflexion of foot at ankle joint
* Flexion of leg at knee joint

Innervation
* Tibial nerve

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14
Q

Tibialis posterior IO Innervation

A

Origin:
* Posterior surfaces of interosseous membrane
* Adjacent margin of the tibia and fibula

Insertion:
* Medial portion: Navicular tuberosity; Medial cuneiform (main insertion)

  • Lateral portion: Intermediate and lateral cuneiforms; Bases of 2nd-4th metatarsal bones (and sometimes cuboid)
  • Recurrent portion: Sustentaculum tali of the calcaneus

Innervation:
Tibial nerve

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15
Q

Tibialis posterior Action

A
  • Plantarflexion of foot at ankle joint
  • Inversion of foot at talar joints
  • Supports medial longitudinal and transverse arches of the foot
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16
Q

Flexor digitorum longus IO Action Innervation

A

Origin:
* Middle 1/3 of the posterior surface of the tibia

Insertion:
* Plantar aspect of bases of the distal phalanges of digits #2-5

Action
* Flexion of digits #2 – 5 at IP, MTP joints
* Plantarflexion of foot at ankle joint
* Supports longitudinal arches of the foot

Flexion of DIP joints allows toes to grip the ground while walking

Innervation:
Tibial nerve

17
Q

Flexor hallucis longus IO Action Innervation

A

Origin:
* Distal 2/3 of the posterior surface of the fibula
* Adjacent interosseous membrane

Insertion:
* Plantar surface of base of the distal phalanx of the 1st digit

Action
* Flexion of 1st digit at IP, MTP joint
* Plantarflexion of foot at ankle joint
* Supports longitudinal arches of the foot

Innervation
* Tibial nerve

18
Q

Popliteus IO Action Innervation

A

Origin:
* Lateral condyle of the femur

Insertion:
* Posterior surface of the tibia above the soleal line

Action
* Flexion of the leg at knee joint
* Lateral rotation of femur on fixed tibia (“unlocks knee”)
* Medial rotation of tibia on unplanted limb

Innervation
* Tibial nerve

19
Q

What muscle are innervated by Deep fibular nerve

A

Tibialis posterior
Extensor hallucis longus
Extensor digitorum longus
Fibularis tertius

20
Q

What muscles are innervated by Superficial fibular nerve

A

Fibularis longus, brevis

21
Q

What muscles are innervated by Tibial nerve

A

Gastrocnemius
Soleus
Flexor hallucis, digitorum longus
Plantaris
Popliteus

22
Q

Difference between lateral and medial meniscus

A

*Lateral meniscus is smaller and shaped like the letter “O”4

*Lateral meniscus: not attached to collateral ligament and more mobile and less risk of injury

*Medial meniscus: more stationary and attaches to the collateral ligament

*Lateral meniscus attaches to the popliteus muscle

23
Q

Where is the most common fracture site on tibia

A

*Junction of the inferior and middle two-thirds
*Tibial shaft at the site is the narrowest+close to the skin
*Most common location in the body for a compound fracture

24
Q

Where is the common fibular nerve most susceptible to injury?

A

Neck of fibula
Common injury:
*Trauma or injury to the lateral aspect of the knee (laceration)
*Neck of fibula fracture (Bumper fracture)
*Use of tight plaster cast on the lower leg
*Crossing legs regularly

25
Q

What muscles are innervated by common fibular nerve

A

Deep Fibular nerve
Anterior compartment:
Tibialis Anterior
Extensor Hallicus Longus
Extensor Digitorum Longus
Fibularis Tertius

Superficial Fibular nerve
Lateral Compartment:
Fibularis longus
Fibularis brevis

TEE F3

26
Q

ACL and PCL IO, Uses

A

ACL
Origin:
tibial plateau between and anterior to the intercondylar eminences

Insertion:
Inner aspect of lateral femoral condyle

PCL
comprise of anterolateral bundle (larger) and posteromedial bundle (smaller)

Origin:
anterolateral aspect of the medial femoral condyle within the notch

Insertion:
posterior aspect of the tibial plateau

ACL resist:
*Anterior tibial translation
*IR loads
*valgus angulation

PCL resist:
*posterior tibial translation
*IR loads
*varus, valgus

27
Q

LCL and MCL IO, Uses

A

Lateral Collateral Ligmanet:
Origin:
*Lateral epicondyle of the femur
Insertion:
*Fibula head
Function:
*resist varus stress
*ER of tibia

Medial Collateral Ligament:
Superficial
Origin:
*Medial epicondyle of the femur
Insertion:
*blends into semimembranosus tendon
*Posteromedial crest of the tibia

Deep(meniscofemoral)
Origin:
*femur just distal to the superficial medial collateral
Insertion:
*medial meniscus

Deep(meniscotibial)
Origin:
*medial meniscus
Insertion:
*distal edge of the articular cartilage of the medial tibial plateau

Function:
Resist valgus stress
*Resist
*rotational forces (IR+ER)

Anatomy (10 decks)

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