Leg and ankle joint

Question 1

Leg compartment what and what do each compartment comprise of. Be able to label it

Answer 1

anterior=extensor, dorsi flexes ankle. extensor dingitorum (toes), extensor hallucis longus, tibialis anterior
lateral=plantar flexion and foot eversion fibularis longus and brevis
posterior=3 plantar flexors (soleus, gastronemius muscles)
deep=fibula, tibia, flexor digitorum longus, flexor hallucis longus, tibialis posterior, plantar flexor,

Question 2

Which muscles invert foot and which everts

Answer 2

Invert=tibialis annterior+posterior

Evert=lateral muscle

Question 3

How do the arteries of the leg branch

Answer 3

Popiteal->anterior and posterior tibial artery
anterior tibial->dorsalis pedis->arcuate or deep plantar
posterior tibial->lateral and medial plantar

Question 4

Bony landmarks fibula and tibia

Answer 4

Tibia: soleus line is where soleus attaches on anterior surface
gap between tibia and fibula (interosseous membrane)-anterior tibial artery emerges

Question 5

What are the trochlear surfaces on tibia and fibula called

Answer 5

tibia=medial malleolous

fibula=lateral malleolous

Question 6

what are the midtarsal joints

Answer 6

calcaneocuboid joint and talonavicular joint

Question 7

Tarsal bones of foot

Answer 7

Talus, calcaneus
navicular, cuboid
cuneiforms x3

Question 8

Joint between hind foot and mid foot as well as mid foot and forefoot

Answer 8

hind+mid=midtarsal joint

mid+fore=lisfranc joint

Question 9

Function of arch of foot and its importance

Answer 9

arch absorb shock of loading body weight. Disperse body weight
transverse arch not v. important but longitudinal (esp. medial) arch v. important

Question 10

Label retinaculum

Answer 10

ref. notes

Question 11

what happens in anterior compartment syndrome

Answer 11

full of fluid->vascular supply under stress->bruising

full of fluid->compress muscle+arteru+vein+nerve

Question 12

where do fibularis longus and brevis attach

Answer 12

longus=1st metatarsal and medial cuneiform

brevis=spinous process of 5th metatarsal

Question 13

List the course of the fibular/peroneal n.

Answer 13

ref. notes

Question 14

What are the relations of muscles in the posterior compartment

Answer 14

gastrocnemius on top of plantaris (small strip) and soleus, responsible for plantar flexion

Question 15

Deep compartment tarsal tunnel component

Answer 15

Tom Dick And Nervous Harry (under flexor retinaculum)
Tibialis posterior tendon
Flexor digoturm longus tendon
posterior tibial artery
(vein)
tibail nerve
flexor hallucis longus tendon
plantar flexion

Question 16

List ligaments of ankle joint and be able to point out where

Answer 16

posterior talofibular lig., anterior talofibular lig., calcaneofibular lig. (lat.), deltoid lig. (medial)

Question 17

What causes forced inversion injury

Answer 17

oblique fracture of fibula, great stress on lateral malleolous

Question 18

What causes forced eversion injury

Answer 18

evulsion medial malleolous

Question 19

Forefoot joints

Answer 19

5 metatarsophalangeal joints, 1 inter phalangeal joint, 4 proximal interphalangeal joijnt, 4 distal interphalangeal joint