hip&thigh1 Flashcards
what are lower limbs designed to do
support and locomotion
what clinical problems can you get in lower limb
wear and tear (joints and lig.), fratures, dislocations, circulatory problems
What fascia and vessels can be found on anterior and posterior surface of lower limb
Anterior: greater saphenous vein arises from perforation of cribiform fascia at groin and extends down to lower limb. quite medial, cutaneous nerves
Posterior: lesser saphenous vein found on lower leg, cutaneous nerves, fascia lata, popliteal fascia, crural fascia, plantar fascia
What joins toe bundle together near where it separates
transverse metatarsal lig.
What are the compartments of thigh and what are its functions and what is it supplied by
Anterior compartment: supplied by femoral n., contains femur, muscle flexes hip forwards and extend knees forward
Medial: supplied by obturator n., adductor group
Posterior aka hamstrings: supplied by tibial branch of sciatic n. flexes knees, extends hips
What are the compartments of lower legs and what are its functions and what is it supplied by
Anterior: supplied by deep fibular n., dorsi flex ankles (extensor) and invert foot, contains tibia
Lateral: supplied by superficial peroneal/fibular n. everts foot, contains fibula
Posterior: supplied by tibial n. superficial= plantar flex ankles and deep=flexor of digits and inverts foot
Draw out and locate the 6 main nerves
superior gluteal, inferior gluteal, femoral, obturator/sciatic, tibial (posterior compartment of thigh, leg, sole of foot arises L4-S3), common fibular/peroneal which splits to superficial and deep fibular
Root of nerves of lower limb
L4-S2
List arteries of lower limb and be able to locate them
Thigh: external iliac, femoral, profunda femoris, popliteal
Leg: popliteal, anterior tibial, posterior tibial, peroneal, dorsalis pedis, plantar arteries
Where can femoral and popliteal pulse be felt
femoral: medial upper thigh near groin
politeal: behind knees, quite deep so easier if flex
List veins of lower limb and be able to locate them
Thigh: external iliac, internal iliac, profunda femoris, femoral, greater saphenous
Leg: popliteal, lesser saphenous, anterior tibial, fibular, posterior tibial, dorsal venous arch
Lymphatics of lower limb
lesser saphenous->popliteal->greater saphenous->superior inguinal lymph nodes. Lymph from lower back and gluteal regions, from abdomen and from genital assemble here
What goes through acetabular notch and supplies what
obturator n. supplies hip joint
pectineal line where
diagonal line on posterior surface of femur
What are the mechanical and anatomical axis of femur to hip joint
anatomical-no rotation but line along which femur is aligned
mechanical-where rotation occurs, line from joint to knee
Label picture of capsule and synovium
ref.notes
Where do the capsular lig. attach
from intertrochanteric line on anterior surface of femur covering over head of femur to hip
what are the types of capsular ligaments and where are they located
iliofemoral ligament on the upper side of the joint, attaches to anterior inferior iliac spine. ischiofemoral lig located more medially and pubofemoral lig. most medial attaching to iliopubic eminence
Label the actions of the muscles surrounding the hip joint
ref. notes
hip dislocation feature and why
shortening-head of femur out of socket
internal rotation-medial internal muscle stretch, pull muscle into internal rotation
Hip fracture feature and why
fracture of the neck of femur (thinner bone). Lateral rotation because medial rotator attachment becomes closer together causing weakness in medial rotation
What happens if you contract the following parts of the scapula: Superior, inferior, medial, all
Superior: elevate
Inferior: depress
Medial: retract
All: strong retraction
