hip&thigh1

Question 1

what are lower limbs designed to do

Answer 1

support and locomotion

Question 2

what clinical problems can you get in lower limb

Answer 2

wear and tear (joints and lig.), fratures, dislocations, circulatory problems

Question 3

What fascia and vessels can be found on anterior and posterior surface of lower limb

Answer 3

Anterior: greater saphenous vein arises from perforation of cribiform fascia at groin and extends down to lower limb. quite medial, cutaneous nerves
Posterior: lesser saphenous vein found on lower leg, cutaneous nerves, fascia lata, popliteal fascia, crural fascia, plantar fascia

Question 4

What joins toe bundle together near where it separates

Answer 4

transverse metatarsal lig.

Question 5

What are the compartments of thigh and what are its functions and what is it supplied by

Answer 5

Anterior compartment: supplied by femoral n., contains femur, muscle flexes hip forwards and extend knees forward
Medial: supplied by obturator n., adductor group
Posterior aka hamstrings: supplied by tibial branch of sciatic n. flexes knees, extends hips

Question 6

What are the compartments of lower legs and what are its functions and what is it supplied by

Answer 6

Anterior: supplied by deep fibular n., dorsi flex ankles (extensor) and invert foot, contains tibia
Lateral: supplied by superficial peroneal/fibular n. everts foot, contains fibula
Posterior: supplied by tibial n. superficial= plantar flex ankles and deep=flexor of digits and inverts foot

Question 7

Draw out and locate the 6 main nerves

Answer 7

superior gluteal, inferior gluteal, femoral, obturator/sciatic, tibial (posterior compartment of thigh, leg, sole of foot arises L4-S3), common fibular/peroneal which splits to superficial and deep fibular

Question 8

Root of nerves of lower limb

Answer 8

L4-S2

Question 9

List arteries of lower limb and be able to locate them

Answer 9

Thigh: external iliac, femoral, profunda femoris, popliteal
Leg: popliteal, anterior tibial, posterior tibial, peroneal, dorsalis pedis, plantar arteries

Question 10

Where can femoral and popliteal pulse be felt

Answer 10

femoral: medial upper thigh near groin
politeal: behind knees, quite deep so easier if flex

Question 11

List veins of lower limb and be able to locate them

Answer 11

Thigh: external iliac, internal iliac, profunda femoris, femoral, greater saphenous
Leg: popliteal, lesser saphenous, anterior tibial, fibular, posterior tibial, dorsal venous arch

Question 12

Lymphatics of lower limb

Answer 12

lesser saphenous->popliteal->greater saphenous->superior inguinal lymph nodes. Lymph from lower back and gluteal regions, from abdomen and from genital assemble here

Question 13

What goes through acetabular notch and supplies what

Answer 13

obturator n. supplies hip joint

Question 14

pectineal line where

Answer 14

diagonal line on posterior surface of femur

Question 15

What are the mechanical and anatomical axis of femur to hip joint

Answer 15

anatomical-no rotation but line along which femur is aligned

mechanical-where rotation occurs, line from joint to knee

Question 16

Label picture of capsule and synovium

Answer 16

ref.notes

Question 17

Where do the capsular lig. attach

Answer 17

from intertrochanteric line on anterior surface of femur covering over head of femur to hip

Question 18

what are the types of capsular ligaments and where are they located

Answer 18

iliofemoral ligament on the upper side of the joint, attaches to anterior inferior iliac spine. ischiofemoral lig located more medially and pubofemoral lig. most medial attaching to iliopubic eminence

Question 19

Label the actions of the muscles surrounding the hip joint

Answer 19

ref. notes

Question 20

hip dislocation feature and why

Answer 20

shortening-head of femur out of socket

internal rotation-medial internal muscle stretch, pull muscle into internal rotation

Question 21

Hip fracture feature and why

Answer 21

fracture of the neck of femur (thinner bone). Lateral rotation because medial rotator attachment becomes closer together causing weakness in medial rotation

Question 22

What happens if you contract the following parts of the scapula: Superior, inferior, medial, all

Answer 22

Superior: elevate
Inferior: depress
Medial: retract
All: strong retraction