hip&thigh2

Question 1

where is the sacrotuberous ligament, sacrospinous ligament, greater sciatic foramen, lesser sciatic foramen

Answer 1

sacrotuberous=sacrum to ischial tuberosity, sacrospinous=sacrum to anterior inferior iliac spine
greater sciatic foramen between pelvis and axis
lesser sciatic foramen between spinotuberous and sacrospinous lig.

Question 2

Where do gluetal muscles attach and what functions does it have

Answer 2

maximus and medius separated by posterior gluteal line and max muscle attach to macimus of bone. gluteus max and medius for extension. Medius and minimus separated by anterior gluteal line. gluteus minimus is a flexor

Question 3

where does gluteus max attach to

Answer 3

posterior gluteal line+iliac crest, sacral tuberous lig. and gluteal tuberosity

Question 4

what is the gluteus max supplied by and where does the nerve supply derive from

Answer 4

inferior gluteal n. derivation, L5,S1, S2 root

Question 5

what is the extensor muscle of hip

Answer 5

gluteus max extends hip joint laterally against gravity and rotate hip joint

Question 6

what causes lateral knee pain

Answer 6

stretch of iliotibial band

Question 7

which muscles are hip abductors and what do they attach to

Answer 7

gluteus medius and minimus pulls greater trochanter up to hips

Question 8

what is the role of pelvic stabiliser

Answer 8

prevent falls when walking, prevents pelvis tilting

Question 9

what does trendelendburg’s sign show

Answer 9

wasting muscle on one side causing long term paralysis

Question 10

what are the lateral rotators of the hips and where do they attach

Answer 10

piriformis, superior gemellus, inferior gemellus, quadratus femoris, obturator internus all attach to tronchanteric fossa

Question 11

list the nerves of the gluteal regions and where they attach

Answer 11

ref. notes superior gluteal n., inferior gluteal n., sciatic n., pudendal n. (originates from S2-4) supplies perineum and exits greater sciatic foramen and attaches to trochanteric fossa, perforating cutaneous n.. They are all located around piriformis muscle

Question 12

what are the arteries of the gluteal region

Answer 12

superior gluteal artery, inferior gluteal artery, internal pudendal artery

Question 13

where would you want to inject in gluteus and why

Answer 13

upper lateral quandrant, awayb from sciatic nerve in lower medial quadrant. Find area by creating peace sign and alingning one finger on ASIS and other on iliac tubercle

Question 14

what are the roots of the femoral n. and obturator n.

Answer 14

L2-4

Question 15

what are the names of the 3 openings from abdomen

Answer 15

femoral (unnamed), obturator canal, greater sciatic foramen

Question 16

Locate the muscles within each compartment of thigh and list its function

Answer 16

ref. notes
Anterior: psoas major, iliacus, rectus femoris=extension, vastus medialis=extensiokn, vastus lateralis=extension, sartorius=flexion and medial rotation, pectineus =flexion(innervated by anterior femoral n. and obturator n.)
Medial: adductor brevis, longus, magnus, gracilis=flexion and medial rotation, obturator externus,pectineus
Posterior: semimembranous=flexion and rotate knee medially, semitendinosus=flexion and rotate knee medially, biceps femoris=flexion and lateral rotation

Question 17

Where do sartorius and adductor longus muscle attach

Answer 17

sartorius=ASIS to upper tibia

adductor longus=from pubic tubercle

Question 18

Femoral triangle what are boundaries and what does it contain

Answer 18

Boundaries: Upper-inguinal ligament, medial=middle part of adductor longus, lateral=middle part of sartorius, roof=fascia lata, floor=iliopsoas, pectineus, adductor longus
Contents: Femoral vessels and nerves, deep inguinal lymph nodes

Question 19

Label the popliteal fossa

Answer 19

ref. notes semitendinous, semimembranous, biceps femoris, gastrocnemius, plantaris, popliteal vessels, tibial n. right next to vessels, common fibular/peroneal n. lateral