leg Flashcards
What is the nervous supply of the anterior compartment of the leg?
deep fibular nerve (L4-S1) branch of common fibular
What is the blood supply of the anterior compartment of the leg?
anterior tibial artery, terminal branch of popliteal artery
What are the 4 muscles in the anterior compartment of the leg?
tibialis anterior
Extensor hallucis longus
Extensor digitorum longus
Fibularis tertius
What are the attachments of tibialis anterior?
Lateral condyle and superior half of lateral surface of tibia/ interosseous membrane.
Medial/ inferior surfaces of cuneiform and base of 1st metatarsal
What are the actions of tibularis anterior?
dorsiflexion of ankle, inversion of foot, supports medial longitudinal arch of foot
What are the attachments of extensor hallucis longus?
middle part of ant surface of fibula and interosseous membrane.
Dorsal aspect of base of distal phalanx of great toe
What are the actions of extensor hallucis longus?
extends hallux (great toe), dorsiflexion of ankle
What are the attachments of extensor digitorum longus?
lateral condyle of tibia and sup 3/4 of anterior surface of interosseous membrane.
Middle and distal phalanges of lateral 4 digits
What are the actions of extensor digitorum longus?
dorsiflexion of ankle, extension of lateral 4 digits
What are the attachments of fibularis tertius?
inf third of ant surface of fibula and interosseous membrane.
Dorsum of base of 5th metatarsal
What are the actions of fibularis tertius?
dorsiflexion of ankle, aids in eversion of foot
what is the nerve supply to the lateral compartment of the leg?
superficial fibular nerve, L5-S2, a terminating branch of common fibular
What is the blood supply to the lateral compartment of the leg?
proximally perforating branches of the anterior tibial artery, distally by perforating arteries of the fibular artery
What are the 2 muscles in the lateral compartment?
Fibularis longus and brevis, tendons run posterior to lateral malleolus
What are the attachments of Fibularis longus?
head and sup 2/3 of lateral fibula.
Base of 1st metatarsal and medial cuniform
What are the actions of the muscles in the lateral compartment of the leg?
eversion of foot, weak plantarflexion at ankle. FL supports transverse arch of the foot
What are the attachments of Fibularis brevis?
inf third of ant surface of fibula and interosseous membrane.
Dorsal surface of tuberosity of base of 5th metatarsal
What is the consequence of damage to common fibular nerve (most common at neck of fibula)?
unopposed inversion of foot due to damage to lat and anterior compartments leading to foot drop
What are the superficial muscles of the posterior compartment of the leg?
gastrocnemius, soleus and plantaris.
What are the attachments of gastrocnemius?
later head: lateral aspect of lateral condyle of femur, medial head: popliteal surface of femur superior to medial condyle.
calcaneal tendon to calcaneus
What are the actions of gastrocnemius?
plantarflexion of ankle especially when knee extended, flexes leg at knee
What are the attachments of soleus?
post surface of head and superior 1/4 of fibula, medial border of tibia.
calcaneal tendon to calcaneus
What are the actions of soleus?
plantarflexion of foot,
steadies leg on foot
What are the actions of plantaris?
weakly assists in plantarflexion of foot
What are the attachments of plantaris?
inferior end of lat supracondylar line of femur.
calcaneal tendon to calcaneus
What is the nerve supply of the muscles in the superficial posterior compartment?
tibial nerve, (S1-2)
What is the blood supply to the muscles of the posterior compartment of the leg?
posterior tibial artery (branch of popliteal)
What are the 4 muscles in the deep group of the posterior compartment of the leg?
popliteus, flexor digitorum longus, flexor hallucis longus, tibialis posterior
what are the attachments of popliteus?
lateral surface of lateral condyle of femur and lateral meniscus.
Posterior surface of tibia superior to soleal line.
What are the actions of popliteus?
weak flexion of knee. unlocks knee.
What is the nerve supply to popliteus?
tibial nerve, L4-S1
what are the attachments of flexor hallucis longus?
inferior 2/3 of posterior surface of fibula and interosseous membrane.
Base of distal phalanx of great toe
What are the actions of flexor hallucis longus?
flexion of great toe, weak plantarflexion of ankle, supports medial longitudinal arch of foot
what are the attachments of flexor digitorum longus?
medial part of posterior surface of tibia inferior to soleal line, fibia via broad tendon.
Bases of distal phalanges of lateral 4 digits
What are the actions of flexor digitorum longus?
flexion of lateral 4 digits, plantarflexion at ankle, supports longitudinal arches of foot.
What is the nerve supply of flexor hallucis longus and flexor digitorum longus?
Tibial nerve S2,3
What are the attachments of tibialis posterior?
interosseous membrane, posterior surface of tibia inferior to soleal line and posterior surface of fibula.
Tuberosity of navicular, cuneiform, cuboid, bases of metatarsal 2-4
What are the actions of tibialis posterior?
plantarflex ankle,
invert foot,
support medial longitudinal arch of foot
What is the nerve supply to tibialis posterior?
Tibial nerve, L4-5
