Foot Flashcards
What movements are possible at the ankle?
dorsiflexion, plantarflexion, weak inversion and eversion
Which ligaments support the ankle?
Medial ligament- tibionavicular, tibiocalcaneal, anterior and posterior tibiotalar ligaments
lateral ligament- anterior and posterior talofibular and calcaneofibular ligament
Which movements are possible at the subtalar joint?
inversion and eversion of foot
Which structures support the arches of the foot?
actively- “active people probably feel happier”- TA,TP, Plantar muscles, Fibularis longus, FHL. Passively- plantar aponeurosis, long and short plantar ligaments and calceonavicular ligaments.
What are the three arches of the foot?
medial and lateral longitudinal and transverse
What is the name for a inferomedially displaced head of talus due to weakened support of the arches of the foot?
pes planus
What are the two muscles on the dorsum of the foot?
Extensor digitorum brevis, Extensor hallucis brevis
What are the attachments of EDB and EHB?
from the calcaneus laterally to the lateral borders of tendons of EDL/EHL
What are the actions of EDB and EHB?
extend proximal phalanges of digits 1-4
Which muscles are in the first layer of the plantar aspect of the foot?
flexor digitorum brevis, abductor hallucis and abductor digiti minimi
What are the attachments of FDB?
from medial tubercle of tuberosity of calcaneus, plantar aponeurosis and intermuscular septa. Attaches to both sides of middle phalanges of lat 4 digits
What are the actions of FDB?
flexes lateral 4 digits
What is the nerve supply of FDB?
Medial plantar nerve (S2,3)
What are the attachments of abductor hallucis?
from medial tubercle of tuberosity of calcaneus, plantar aponeurosis and flexor retinaculum. Attaches to medial side of base of proximal phalanx of hallux
What are the actions of abductor hallucis?
abduction and flexion of hallux
What is the nerve supply of abductor hallucis?
medial plantar nerve (S2,3)
What are the attachments of abductor digiti minimi?
tuberosity of calcaneus, plantar aponeurosis and intermuscular septa.
Lateral base of proximal phalanx of digit 5
What are the actions of abductor digiti minimi?
abduction and flexion of 5th digit
What is the nerve supply of abductor digiti minimi?
lateral plantar nerve, (S2,3)
What is the function of the plantar aponeurosis?
holds parts of the foot together, helps support the longitudinal arches and protection
What does the second layer of the plantar surface of the foot contain?
tendons of FHL,FDL and the lumbricals/ quadratus plantae muscles
What are the attachments of quadratus plantae?
medial surface and lateral margin of plantar surface of calcaneus.
Posterolateral margin of tendon of FDL
What is the function of QL?
assists FDL in flexing lateral 4 digits
Which muscles does the third layer of the plantar surface of the foot contain?
Adductor hallucis, flexor digiti minimi brevis, flexor hallucis brevis
