Foot

Question 1

What movements are possible at the ankle?

Answer 1

dorsiflexion, plantarflexion, weak inversion and eversion

Question 2

Which ligaments support the ankle?

Answer 2

Medial ligament- tibionavicular, tibiocalcaneal, anterior and posterior tibiotalar ligaments
lateral ligament- anterior and posterior talofibular and calcaneofibular ligament

Question 3

Which movements are possible at the subtalar joint?

Answer 3

inversion and eversion of foot

Question 4

Which structures support the arches of the foot?

Answer 4

actively- “active people probably feel happier”- TA,TP, Plantar muscles, Fibularis longus, FHL. Passively- plantar aponeurosis, long and short plantar ligaments and calceonavicular ligaments.

Question 5

What are the three arches of the foot?

Answer 5

medial and lateral longitudinal and transverse

Question 6

What is the name for a inferomedially displaced head of talus due to weakened support of the arches of the foot?

Answer 6

pes planus

Question 7

What are the two muscles on the dorsum of the foot?

Answer 7

Extensor digitorum brevis, Extensor hallucis brevis

Question 8

What are the attachments of EDB and EHB?

Answer 8

from the calcaneus laterally to the lateral borders of tendons of EDL/EHL

Question 9

What are the actions of EDB and EHB?

Answer 9

extend proximal phalanges of digits 1-4

Question 10

Which muscles are in the first layer of the plantar aspect of the foot?

Answer 10

flexor digitorum brevis, abductor hallucis and abductor digiti minimi

Question 11

What are the attachments of FDB?

Answer 11

from medial tubercle of tuberosity of calcaneus, plantar aponeurosis and intermuscular septa. Attaches to both sides of middle phalanges of lat 4 digits

Question 12

What are the actions of FDB?

Answer 12

flexes lateral 4 digits

Question 13

What is the nerve supply of FDB?

Answer 13

Medial plantar nerve (S2,3)

Question 14

What are the attachments of abductor hallucis?

Answer 14

from medial tubercle of tuberosity of calcaneus, plantar aponeurosis and flexor retinaculum. Attaches to medial side of base of proximal phalanx of hallux

Question 15

What are the actions of abductor hallucis?

Answer 15

abduction and flexion of hallux

Question 16

What is the nerve supply of abductor hallucis?

Answer 16

medial plantar nerve (S2,3)

Question 17

What are the attachments of abductor digiti minimi?

Answer 17

tuberosity of calcaneus, plantar aponeurosis and intermuscular septa.
Lateral base of proximal phalanx of digit 5

Question 18

What are the actions of abductor digiti minimi?

Answer 18

abduction and flexion of 5th digit

Question 19

What is the nerve supply of abductor digiti minimi?

Answer 19

lateral plantar nerve, (S2,3)

Question 20

What is the function of the plantar aponeurosis?

Answer 20

holds parts of the foot together, helps support the longitudinal arches and protection

Question 21

What does the second layer of the plantar surface of the foot contain?

Answer 21

tendons of FHL,FDL and the lumbricals/ quadratus plantae muscles

Question 22

What are the attachments of quadratus plantae?

Answer 22

medial surface and lateral margin of plantar surface of calcaneus.
Posterolateral margin of tendon of FDL

Question 23

What is the function of QL?

Answer 23

assists FDL in flexing lateral 4 digits

Question 24

Which muscles does the third layer of the plantar surface of the foot contain?

Answer 24

Adductor hallucis, flexor digiti minimi brevis, flexor hallucis brevis

Question 25

Which muscles does the fourth layer of the plantar surface of the foot contain?

Answer 25

Dorsal and palmar interossei

Question 26

What are the functions of the interossei?

Answer 26

PAD/ DAB (palmar adduct/ dorsal abduct)