Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

Physiology I Exam 2 > Lectures 3 and 4: Respiratory > Flashcards

Lectures 3 and 4: Respiratory Flashcards

1
Q

Fibrosis lung compliance

A

Decreased

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

Fibrosis impact on expiratory volume

A

Volume present in the lungs after expiring a breath would be less than normal

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

Emphysema impact on lung compliance

A

Increased

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

Emphysema is a disease involving which fibers in lungs?

A

Elastic

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

Emphysema impact on expiratory volume

A

Volume present in lungs after expiring a breath would be more than normal

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

Functional residual capacity

A

Resting, or equilibrium, volume of the combined lung and chest wall system

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

Emphysema FRC impact

A

Increased

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

Fibrosis FRC impact

A

Decreased

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

What is lung compliance

A

Volume/Pressure; the ability of the lungs to stretch and expand

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

In an air filled lung, how does alveolar pressure compare to atmospheric pressure?

A

Equal

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

As the pressure outside the lung is made more negative the lung…

A

Inflates and its volume increases

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

What is the expanding pressure for the lungs?

A

Negative outside pressure (intrapleural space)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

Lung hysteresis

A

Lung volume at any given pressure during inhalation is less than the lung volume at any given pressure during exhalation

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

The intrapleural space normally has a ______ pressure

A

Negative

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

The negative intrapleural pressure is caused by which 2 things

A

The elastic properties of:
The lungs
The chest wall

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

What prevents the lungs from collapsing and the chest wall from springing out?

A

Negative intrapleural pressure

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

Pneumothorax definition

A

When sharp object punctures intrapleural space, air is introduced in the space, and intrapleural pressure becomes zero

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

What are the two consequences of pneumothorax?

A

Lungs collapse
Chest wall springs out

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

Atelectasis definition

A

Lung/alveoli collapse

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

What is atelectasis due to?

A

No surfactant, so small alveoli have increased surface tensions and pressures and collapse

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

Parasympathetic stimulation causes what to resistance of air flow?

A

Increase

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

Sympathetic stimulation causes what to resistance to air flow?

A

Relaxation

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
23
Q

Surfactant defintion

A

A mixture of phospholipids that line the alveoli and reduce their surface tension. By reducing surface tension, surfactant reduces the collapsing pressure for a given radius

24
Q

What about surfactant makes it decrease surface tension in the alveoli?

A

The attractive forces between adjacent molecules of liquid are strong than the attractive forces between molecules of liquid and molecules of gas in alveoli

25
Q

Three phases of the breathing cycle

A

Rest
Inspiration
Expiration

26
Q

What is rest specifically?

A

Period between breathing cycles where the diaphragm is at its equilibrium position

27
Q

There is no air flow at rest because there is no pressure between what?

A

The atmosphere (mouth or nose) and alveoli

28
Q

Alveolar pressure at rest =

A

Atmospheric pressure

29
Q

Volume present at rest is known as the

A

Equilibrium aka FRC

30
Q

Inspiration actions

A

Diaphragm contracts, volume of thorax increases

31
Q

As lung volume increases during inspiration, pressure

A

Decreases

32
Q

Halfway through inspiration, what happens to alveolar pressure compared to atmospheric pressure?

A

Alveolar pressure falls below atmospheric pressure

33
Q

What drives air flow into the lung during inspiration?

A

The pressure gradient between the atmosphere and the alveoli

34
Q

When does air stop flowing into the lung?

A

Alveolar pressure equals atmospheric pressure, so no more pressure gradient

35
Q

During inspiration, what happens to intrapleural pressure?

A

Becomes even more negative than at rest

36
Q

During inspiration, what happens to alveolar and airway pressures?

A

Become negative

37
Q

Expiration is active or passive

A

Passive process

38
Q

What happens to alveolar pressure during expiration?

A

Becomes positive and higher than atmospheric pressure

39
Q

Why does alveolar pressure increase during expiration?

A

Elastic forces of the lungs compress the greater volume of air in the alveoli

40
Q

Hyperventilation definition

A

Increase breathing frequency and volume

41
Q

What impact does hyperventilation have on PaCO2?

A

Decreases

42
Q

What does the decrease of PaCO2 during hyperventilation do to arterial pH?

A

Causes arterial pH to increase

43
Q

Hypoventilation definition

A

Decrease in breathing frequency in volume

44
Q

Since hyperventilation will produce unconsciousness and person’s breathing will eventually return to normal, it is

A

Self-limiting

45
Q

Ventilation definition

A

Flow of air into and our of alveoli

46
Q

Hypoventilation causes what in PaO2 and PaCO2

A

Decrease in PaO2 and increase in PaCO2

47
Q

Apnea definition

A

Temporary cessation of breathing; typically during sleep

48
Q

Eupnea definition

A

Normal, relaxed breathing. Healthy condition of inhalation and relaxation

49
Q

Tachypnea definition

A

Respiratory rate that is greater than the normal for age

50
Q

Hyperpnea definition

A

Increased volume with or without an increase rate of breathing

51
Q

Hypopnea definition

A

Taking shallow breaths for 10 seconds or long while asleep

52
Q

Bradypnea definition

A

Breathing more slowly than normal

53
Q

Orthopnea definition

A

Shortness of breath or difficulty breathing when you’re lying down

54
Q

Diffusion-limited gas exchange definition

A

Means total amount of gas transported across the capillary barrier is limited by the diffusion process

55
Q

Perfusion-limited gas exchange

A

Means total amount of gas transported across the alveolar-capillary barrier is limited by blood flow through the pulmonary capillaries

Physiology I Exam 2 (12 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions