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Physiology I Exam 2 > Lectures 1 and 2: Respiratory > Flashcards

Lectures 1 and 2: Respiratory Flashcards

1
Q

Most important muscle of inspiration

A

Diaphragm

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2
Q

Expiration, passive or active process?

A

Passive

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3
Q

% of N in air

A

78%

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4
Q

% of O2 in air

A

20.95%

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5
Q

% of CO2 in air

A

0.039%

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6
Q

PCO2

A

Measurement of partial pressure of CO2

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7
Q

PICO2

A

Partial pressure for inspired air

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8
Q

PACO2

A

Partial pressure for alveolar air

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9
Q

PaCO2

A

Partial pressure for systemic arterial blood

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10
Q

PVCO2

A

Partial pressure for mixed venous blood

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11
Q

Walls of conducting airway contain what kind of muscle?

A

Smooth muscle

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12
Q

Sympathetic adrenergic neurons activate which receptors on bronchial smooth muscle?

A

B2 receptors

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13
Q

What effect does B2 receptor activation have on bronchial smooth muscle?

A

Dilation and relaxation of the airways

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14
Q

Parasympathetic cholinergic neurons active which receptors

A

Muscarinic receptors

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15
Q

Muscarinic receptor activation leads to what action of bronchial smooth muscle?

A

Contraction and constriction

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16
Q

Respiratory zone structures are part of this group because

A

Lined with alveoli and participate and gas exchange

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17
Q

Name 3 areas of the respiratory zone

A

Respiratory bronchioles
Alveolar ducts
Alveolar sacs

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18
Q

Name components of respiratory bronchioles

A

Transitional structures
Have cilia and smooth muscle
But considered part of gas exchange because alveoli occasionally bud off their walls

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19
Q

Name components of alveolar ducts

A

Completely lined with alveoli
Contain no cilia and little smooth muscle

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20
Q

Name alveolar sac components

A

Lined with alveoli

21
Q

Alveoli definition

A

Pouchlike evaginations of the walls of the respiratory bronchioles, alveolar ducts, and alveolar sacs

22
Q

Exchange of oxygen and carbon dioxide between alveolar gas and pulmonary blood occur across where

A

Alveoli

23
Q

Why are alveoli perfect for efficient gas exchange?

A

Thin and have large surface area for diffusion

24
Q

Name 2 types of epithelial cells found in alveolar walls

A

Type I and Type II pneumocytes

25
Q

What are Type II pneumocytes responsible for?

A

Synthesizing pulmonary surfactant and also regenerative capacity for Type I and II pneumocytes

26
Q

What does pulmonary surfactant do?

A

Reduces surface tension

27
Q

Name the phagocytic cells contained in the alveoli

A

Alveolar macrophages

28
Q

Alveolar macrophage responsibility

A

Keep alveoli free of dust and debris, because alveoli have no cilia to perform this function

29
Q

How do macrophages get rid of debris?

A

Mitigate to bronchioles, cilia carry debris to upper airways and the pharynx, where it can be swallowed or expectorated

30
Q

What are the components of the conducting zone?

A

Trachea, bronchi, bronchioles

31
Q

Trachea, bronchi, bronchioles: Smooth muscle?

A

No

32
Q

Trachea, bronchi, bronchioles: Cilia?

A

Yes

33
Q

Abnormal lung sounds

A

Wheezes
Rhonchi
Crackles

34
Q

Tidal volume (definition and what it includes)

A

Normal, quiet breathing, includes volume of air that fills alveoli pls the volume of air that fills the airways

35
Q

Inspiratory reserve volume

A

When asked to take deep breath at doctor (inspiring above tidal volume)

36
Q

Expiratory reserve volume

A

Additional volume that can be expired below tidal volume

37
Q

Residual volume

A

Volume of gas remaining in lungs after a maximal forced expiration

38
Q

Inspiratory capacity composed of

A

Tidal volume + inspiratory reserve volume

39
Q

Functional residual capacity composed of

A

Expiratory reserve volume + residual volume

40
Q

Vital capacity composed of

A

Inspiratory capacity + expiratory reserve volume

41
Q

Vital capacity definition

A

The volume that can be expired after maximal inspiration

42
Q

Total lung capacity composed of

A

All lung volumes, vital capacity + residual volume

43
Q

Dead space

A

Volume of the airways and lungs that does not participate in gas exchange

44
Q

Anatomical dead space: what is included

A

Volume of conducting airways including the nose and/or mouth, trachea, bronchi, bronchioles

45
Q

Anatomical dead space: Not included

A

Respiratory bronchioles and alveoli

46
Q

Physiologic dead space definition

A

Total volume of the lungs that does not participate in gasexchange

47
Q

What is included in physiologic dead space

A

Anatomic dead space of the conducting airways plus a functional dead space in the alveoli

48
Q

ectWhy would alveoli not participate in gas exchange?

A

Usually a ventilation/perfusion defect

Physiology I Exam 2 (12 decks)

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