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Physiology I Exam 2 > Lecture 4: Glomerular Filtration > Flashcards

Lecture 4: Glomerular Filtration Flashcards

1
Q

What is the first step in forming urine?

A

Glomerular filtration

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2
Q

What is the initial first step of GFR?

A

Renal plasma flow

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3
Q

GFR is siphoned from

A

RPF

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4
Q

Ultrafiltrate contains

A

Water and small solutes

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5
Q

There should be absolutely no what in ultrafiltrate?

A

Proteins

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6
Q

Starling’s forces cause

A

Filtration

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7
Q

The ______ rate is much higher than in rest pf the capillaries

A

Filtration

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8
Q

What is the filtration rate much higher than in the rest of capillaries?

A

Because surface area in glomerulus is higher

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9
Q

What are the two types of cells in the glomerulus?

A
  1. Endothelial cells
  2. Mesangial cells
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10
Q

Which of the glomerulus cells have large pores and decrease GFR

A

Endothelial cells

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11
Q

Modified smooth muscle cells located between capillaries

A

Mesangial cells

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12
Q

Mesangial cells contract in response to what?

A

Angiotensin 2

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13
Q

Cells found in between afferent and efferent arterioles

A

Extraglomerular mesangial cells

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14
Q

Cells found inside glomerulus and in between capillaries

A

Intraglomerular mesangial cells

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15
Q

Jobs and properties of extraglomerular mesangial cells and intraglomerular mesangial cells

A
  • Remove trapped residue/debris from basement membrane
  • Contractile properties
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16
Q

Name the 3 layers of the glomerular capillary

A
  1. Endothelium
  2. Basement membrane
  3. Epithelium
17
Q

Describe the endothelium

A

Relatively large pores in which fluid, dissolved solutes, and plasma proteins can easily enter

18
Q

What does the endothelium not filter?

A

Red blood cells

19
Q

Name the 3 layers of the basement membrane

A

Lamina rara interna
Lamina dena
Lamina rara externa

20
Q

Name the two characteristics of the basement membrane

A
  • No filtration of plasma proteins
  • Significant barrier, keeps proteins out
21
Q

Epithelium has what attached to the basement membrane of foot processes?

A

Podocytes

22
Q

Small filtration slits between foot processes which add an additional barrier to larger substances. Which layer of the glomerular capillary?

A

Epithelium

23
Q

Filtration depends on

A

Size and charge

24
Q

What serves as a charge barrier on every layer of the glomerulus besides the lamina dena?

A

Negatively charged glycoproteins

25
Q

What does the negative charge attract and repel?

A
  • Repels large solutes w/ negative charges (proteins)
  • Attracts solutes with positive charges
  • Small solutes w/ negative charges can still filter
26
Q

Locations of the two hydrostatic (fluid) pressures of glomerular capillary

A
  1. Capillary blood
  2. Interstitial space (Bowman’s space)
27
Q

Locations of the two oncotic pressures of glomerular capillary

A
  1. Interstitial blood
  2. Bowman’s space (but should be zero)
28
Q

Kf =

A

Water permeability of glomerular capillary wall

29
Q

What makes up Kf

A

Total surface area of capillary + permeability per unit SA

30
Q

Pgc =

A

Force favoring filtration

31
Q

Relative to systemic capillaries, Pgc is

A

Very high

32
Q

Pgc changes are produced by

A

Changes in resistance of afferent and efferent arterioles

33
Q

Pbs =

A

Force opposing filtration

34
Q

Pbs significance

A

Not very significant

35
Q

πgc =

A

Force opposing filtration

36
Q

What is πgc due to?

A

Blood protein

37
Q

πgc changes throughout length of capillary

A

Increases due to fluid leaving

38
Q

Filtration equilibrium

A

When net filtration out of capillary stops, driving force for reabsorption, filtration and force opposing filtration are equal

39
Q

Net ultrafiltration pressure

A

Always favors filtration out of capillaries

Physiology I Exam 2 (12 decks)

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