Lectures 3 & 4: Heart and Mediastinum Flashcards
Which of the following structures make up the superior boundary of the mediastinum?
A. pleura B. diaphragm C. thoracic vertebrae D. thoracic inlet E. costal cartilage
D. thoracic inlet
Which of the following structures are found in the middle part of the inferior mediastinum?
A. fat and lymph tissue B. cardiac and autonomic nerve plexuses C. the heart and its pericardial tissues D. the thoracic aorta E. thoracic splanchnic nerves
C. the heart and its pericardial tissues
What are the contents of the superior mediastinum?
“tubes and nerves”; great vessels, thoracic duct, azygos system, vagus nerves, nerve plexi, thymus, trachea, esophagus
What are the contents of the anterior inferior mediastinum?
fat, lymph tissue, vessels, sometimes thymus
What are the contents of the inferior posterior mediastinum?
thoracic aorta, esophagus, pulmonary arteries/veins, azygos, thoracic duct, sympathetic trunk, splanchnic nerves
The base of the heart is primarily formed by the:
A. Right atrium B. Left atrium C. Right ventricle D. Left ventricle E. coronary sinuse
B. Left atrium
The pericardium of the heart has 3 primary layers. If pierced by a needle, which of the primary pericardial layers would the needle pass through first?
A. visceral pericardium B. pleural pericardium C, parietal pericardium D. fibrous pericardium E. epicardium
D. fibrous pericardium
In the adult heart, the fossa ovalis can be viewed in the:
A. right atrium B. left atirum C. right ventricle D. left ventricle E. Fossa ovalis cannot be viewed because it is a fetal structure
A. right atrium
Semilunar valves function similar to:
A. pulmonary valve
B. aortic valve
C. venous valves
D. arterial valves
C. venous valves
The left coronary artery typically branches into the:
A. marginal artery
B. anterior interventricular artery
C. posterior interventricular artery
D. lateral artery
B. anterior interventricular artery
Cardiomyopathy
Ventricle is enlarged, thickened, or stiffened; heart’s ability to pump is reduced - can be dilated (age related) or hypertrophic (athletic)
Blockage in right coronary artery
Problematic as no anastomoses exist; requires bypass surgery, often by saphenous vein
Heart attack
Blood clot causes loss of blood flow and death of heart muscle tissue
Angioplasty
Procedure in which a catheter is inserted with a tiny balloon that presses plaque blockage against the artery so blood flows more freely through vessel; stent then inserted to keep vessel pathway open
