Lectures 1 & 2: Lungs, Pleura, and Thoracic Wall

Question 1

Which ribs are “atypical”?

Answer 1

1, 2, 11, 12

Question 2

Which ribs are “true” ribs?

Answer 2

1-7

Question 3

Which ribs are “false” ribs?

Answer 3

8-10

Question 4

Which ribs are “floating” ribs?

Answer 4

11, 12

Question 5

"True" ribs include:
A. ribs 1 & 2
B. ribs 11 & 12
C. ribs 8-10
D. all ribs are "true" ribs

Answer 5

A. ribs 1 & 2

Question 6

What bones articulate with the sternum?

Answer 6

The clavicle and 1st rib only

Question 7

The manubrium of the sternum articulates with:
A. rib 1
B. the body of the sternum
C. the xiphoid process
D. both A and B
E. both B and C

Answer 7

D. both A and B

Question 8

What does the head of the rib articulate with?

Answer 8

Two demi facets of the vertebrae

Question 9

What does the tubercle of the rib articulate with?

Answer 9

One facet on the transverse process of vertebra of the same number as rib

Question 10

Which muscle is the primary muscle of respiration?
A. External intercostal muscles
B. Internal intercostal muscles
C. Diaphragm
D. Transversus thoracis

Answer 10

C. Diaphragm

Question 11

What innervates the diaphragm?

Answer 11

Phrenic nerve (C3-C5 of the cervical plexus)

Question 12

How do external intercostal muscles move the ribs?

Answer 12

ELEVATE rib cage

Question 13

How do internal intercostal muscles move the ribs?

Answer 13

DEPRESS rib cage (EXCEPT: interchondral part which elevates)

Question 14

How do the innermost intercostal muscles move the ribs?

Answer 14

ELEVATE rib cage (EXCEPT: interosseous part which will depress)

Question 15

How does the transversus thoracis move the ribs?

Answer 15

DEPRESSES rib cage (possible proprioceptive function)

Question 16

How do the subcostal muscles move the ribs?

Answer 16

DEPRESS rib cage

Question 17

How does the levator costarum muscle move the ribs?

Answer 17

ELEVATES rib cage

Question 18

How does the serratus posterior superior muscle move the ribs?

Answer 18

ELEVATES rib cage (proprioceptive function)

Question 19

How does the serratus posterior inferior muscle move the ribs?

Answer 19

DEPRESSES rib cage (proprioceptive function)

Question 20

Which of the following muscles elevate the ribs during inspiration?
A. transversus thoracis
B. internal intercostals
C. diaphragm
D. external intercostals

Answer 20

D. external intercostals

Question 21

Pulmonary Collapse/Collapsed Lung

Answer 21

Air infiltrates pleural cavity and breaks surface tension between visceral/parietal pleura; lung tissue collapses and prevents expansion during inspiration

Question 22

Hemothorax/Hydrothorax/Chylothorax

Answer 22

Blood/Serous fluid/lymph infiltrates pleural cavity and causes lung collapse

Question 23

Pleuritis/Pleurisy

Answer 23

Inflammation of the pleura may cause “scraping sounds” during auscultation and can cause sharp, stabbing pain

Question 24

Pulmonary Embolism (PE)

Answer 24

Obstruction of pulmonary artery by blood clot, fat globule, or air bubble; often fatal; DVT common cause

Question 25

Bronchogenic carcinoma/lung cancer

Answer 25

Cancer arising from bronchial epithelium, smoking a major cause; highly metastatic

Question 26

Malignant Mesothelioma

Answer 26

Rarer type of lung cancer affecting pleura caused by exposure to asbestos

Question 27

Pulmonary Tuberculosis (TB)

Answer 27

Bacterial infection of the lungs that spreads to other organs; contagious via air droplets