Lectures 1 & 2: Lungs, Pleura, and Thoracic Wall Flashcards
Which ribs are “atypical”?
1, 2, 11, 12
Which ribs are “true” ribs?
1-7
Which ribs are “false” ribs?
8-10
Which ribs are “floating” ribs?
11, 12
"True" ribs include: A. ribs 1 & 2 B. ribs 11 & 12 C. ribs 8-10 D. all ribs are "true" ribs
A. ribs 1 & 2
What bones articulate with the sternum?
The clavicle and 1st rib only
The manubrium of the sternum articulates with: A. rib 1 B. the body of the sternum C. the xiphoid process D. both A and B E. both B and C
D. both A and B
What does the head of the rib articulate with?
Two demi facets of the vertebrae
What does the tubercle of the rib articulate with?
One facet on the transverse process of vertebra of the same number as rib
Which muscle is the primary muscle of respiration? A. External intercostal muscles B. Internal intercostal muscles C. Diaphragm D. Transversus thoracis
C. Diaphragm
What innervates the diaphragm?
Phrenic nerve (C3-C5 of the cervical plexus)
How do external intercostal muscles move the ribs?
ELEVATE rib cage
How do internal intercostal muscles move the ribs?
DEPRESS rib cage (EXCEPT: interchondral part which elevates)
How do the innermost intercostal muscles move the ribs?
ELEVATE rib cage (EXCEPT: interosseous part which will depress)
How does the transversus thoracis move the ribs?
DEPRESSES rib cage (possible proprioceptive function)
How do the subcostal muscles move the ribs?
DEPRESS rib cage
How does the levator costarum muscle move the ribs?
ELEVATES rib cage
How does the serratus posterior superior muscle move the ribs?
ELEVATES rib cage (proprioceptive function)
How does the serratus posterior inferior muscle move the ribs?
DEPRESSES rib cage (proprioceptive function)
Which of the following muscles elevate the ribs during inspiration? A. transversus thoracis B. internal intercostals C. diaphragm D. external intercostals
D. external intercostals
Pulmonary Collapse/Collapsed Lung
Air infiltrates pleural cavity and breaks surface tension between visceral/parietal pleura; lung tissue collapses and prevents expansion during inspiration
Hemothorax/Hydrothorax/Chylothorax
Blood/Serous fluid/lymph infiltrates pleural cavity and causes lung collapse
Pleuritis/Pleurisy
Inflammation of the pleura may cause “scraping sounds” during auscultation and can cause sharp, stabbing pain
Pulmonary Embolism (PE)
Obstruction of pulmonary artery by blood clot, fat globule, or air bubble; often fatal; DVT common cause
Bronchogenic carcinoma/lung cancer
Cancer arising from bronchial epithelium, smoking a major cause; highly metastatic
Malignant Mesothelioma
Rarer type of lung cancer affecting pleura caused by exposure to asbestos
Pulmonary Tuberculosis (TB)
Bacterial infection of the lungs that spreads to other organs; contagious via air droplets
