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COB Anatomy II > Lecture 18: Development of Pharyngeal Arches > Flashcards

Lecture 18: Development of Pharyngeal Arches Flashcards

1
Q

What are the 3 principle components of the pharyngeal complex?

A

Pharyngeal arches, clefts, and pouches

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2
Q

Name the type of tissue that migrates from the 1st and 2nd pharyngeal arches into the developing face

A

Neural-crest derived mesenchyme

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3
Q

From which embryonic germ layer do muscles develop?

A

Mesoderm

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4
Q

What type of cells give rise to the facial skeleton and coronal and sagittal sutures?

A

Neural crest cells

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5
Q

What gives rise to the posterior neurocranium and basicranium?

A

Mesoderm

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6
Q

Which pharyngeal arch gives rise to Meckel’s cartilage, malleus, incus, mandible, and maxilla?

A

Pharyngeal arch 1

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7
Q

Fusion of which prominences is required for the normal development of the upper lip?

A

Nasomedial, nasolateral, and maxillary prominences

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8
Q

What facial abnormality is the result of failure of the nasomedial and maxillary prominences to fuse?

A

Cleft lip

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9
Q

What is the problem underlying cleft palate?

A

Problem with nasomedial segments fusing

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10
Q

What are the muscular components of pharyngeal arch 1?

A

Muscles of mastication - temporalis, masseter, mylohyoid, anterior belly of digastric

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11
Q

What are the muscular components of pharyngeal arch 2?

A

Muscles of facial expression - buccinator, orbicularis oris, posterior belly of digastric, platysma, frontalis, orbicularis oculi, occipitalis

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12
Q

What are the muscular components of pharyngeal arch 3?

A

Stylopharyngeus

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13
Q

What are the muscular components of pharyngeal arches 4 and 6?

A

levator veli palatini, pharyngeal muscles, intrinsic muscles of larynx

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14
Q

What are the nerve components of pharyngeal arch 1?

A

Trigeminal nerve (CN V) - specifically mandibular division (V3)

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15
Q

What are the nerve components of pharyngeal arch 2?

A

Facial nerve (CN VII)

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16
Q

What are the nerve components of pharyngeal arch 3?

A

Glossopharyngeal nerve (CN IX)

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17
Q

What are the nerve components of pharyngeal arches 4 and 6?

A

Vagus nerve (CN X)

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18
Q

What structures does the frontonasal prominence form?

A

forehead, bridge of nose, medial/lateral nasal prominences

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19
Q

What structures does the maxillary prominence form?

A

cheeks, lateral portion of upper lip

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20
Q

What structures does the medial nasal prominence form?

A

Philtrum of upper lip, crest/tip of nose

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21
Q

What structures does the lateral nasal prominence form?

A

Alae of nose

22
Q

What structures does the mandibular prominence form?

A

Lower lip

23
Q

When are BMPs expressed and what is their function in development of facial structures?

A

Early expression; induce superficial location of palatal shelves

24
Q

What is the function of Shh in induction of facial development?

A

Early induction of facial primordia; medial edge epithelial of palatal shelves (fusion of epithelium)

25
Q

What is the function of Tbx22 in facial development?

A

Ensures mobility of tongue and allows tongue to move and make way for palatal shelf fusion

26
Q

Ankyloglossia

A

Mutations in Tbx22 - immobile tongue

27
Q

Median cleft lip

A

Incomplete merging of two medial nasal prominences; leads to forms of bifid nose

28
Q

What is the primary feature of a complete bilateral cleft palate?

A

Premaxilla is unattached, grows forward

29
Q

Macrostonia

A

“Large mouth”; hypoplasia or incomplete fusion of maxillary and mandibular prominences

30
Q

Treacher-Collins Syndrome, Pierre Robins Syndrome

A

Classic arch 1 abnormalities; deficiency in formation of facial skeleton

31
Q

Which pharyngeal arch gives rise to Reichert’s cartilage, stapes, styloid process, lesser horns and superior portion of hyoid bone?

A

Pharyngeal arch 2

32
Q

Which pharyngeal arch gives rise to greater horns and inferior portion of hyoid bone?

A

Pharyngeal arch 3

33
Q

Which pharyngeal arch gives rise to the laryngeal cartilages?

A

Pharyngeal arches 4 and 6

34
Q

Which aortic arch contributes to maxillary arteries?

A

Aortic arch I

35
Q

Which aortic arch produces stapedial and hyoid arteries?

A

Aortic arch II

36
Q

Which aortic arch contributes to common carotid arteries and internal carotid arteries?

A

Aortic arch III

37
Q

Which pharyngeal cleft is the external auditory meatus derived from?

A

Pharyngeal cleft I

38
Q

Which pharyngeal cleft is the neck derived from?

A

Pharyngeal cleft II, III, and IV

39
Q

Which aortic arch gives rise to the right subclavian artery and aorta?

A

Aortic arch IV

40
Q

Which pharyngeal pouch is the middle ear and auditory tube derived from?

A

Pharyngeal pouch I

41
Q

Which pharyngeal pouch is the supra-tonsillar fossa derived from?

A

Pharyngeal pouch II

42
Q

Which pharyngeal pouch is the thymus and parathyroid gland derived from?

A

Pharyngeal pouch III

43
Q

Which pharyngeal pouch is the thymus, parathyroid gland, ultimobranchial body formed from?

A

Pharyngeal pouch IV (and V)

44
Q

Cervical cysts/fistulas

A

Result of remnants of pharyngeal clefts 2-4 along border of sternocleidomastoid muscle

45
Q

DiGeorge Syndrome

A

Group of disorders which share a common microdeletion on chromosome 22. Characterized by hyoparathyroidism, hypocalcemia, underdeveloped/absent thymus, heart defects; may also involve delays in speech/learning development

46
Q

From which pharyngeal arches does the tongue arise?

A

Pharyngeal arches 1, 2, and 3

47
Q

Sulcus terminalis of tongue

A

Site of union between the base and body of the tongue, delineated by V-shaped groove

48
Q

Name the sensory and taste bud innervations of the anterior 2/3 of the tongue

A

Sensory: lingual nerve (branch of trigeminal)

Taste buds: facial nerve (chorda tympani)

49
Q

Name the sensory and taste bud innervations of the posterior 1/3 of the tongue

A

Sensory: glossopharyngeal nerve (CN IX)

Taste buds: glossopharyngeal nerve, vagus nerve

50
Q

From what structure does the thyroid originate?

A

Thyroid diverticulum

51
Q

Ectopic thyroid tissue

A

Anomaly in thyroid development where thyroid tissue is present along the course of thyroglossal duct

52
Q

Thyroglossal duct fistula

A

Rupturing of a thyroglossal duct cyst presenting as a draining sinus

COB Anatomy II (5 decks)

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