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Head and Neck Anatomy > Lectures 19, 20, 21 Oral Cavity and Related structures > Flashcards

Lectures 19, 20, 21 Oral Cavity and Related structures Flashcards

1
Q

Name the two components of oral cavity

A

Vestibule & Oral Cavity Proper

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2
Q

Vestibule is behind _____ & _____ & in front of teeth and gums. The part of the vestibule adjacent to lips is _____ ______, that adjacent to cheeks is _____ _____. Together these form a horseshoe shaped troughs called the ______.

A

lips, cheeks, labial sulcus, buccal sulcus, fornix

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3
Q

Describe the anterolateral boundary of oral cavity proper

A

Alveolar/dental arches of mandible & maxilla

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4
Q

Describe the posterior boundary of oral cavity proper

A

Oropharangeal isthmus is a space bounded laterally by palatoglossal folds (extend from soft palate to posterolateral tongue). Folds contain palatoglossal muscle. Palatopharangeal folds are behind palatoglossal folds with the palatine tonsils in between. Palatopharyngeal folds extend from palate to thyroid (cartilage) lamina & contain palatopharangeal muscle.

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5
Q

Describe the roof boundary in the oral cavity proper

A

Hard palate (palatine process of maxilla & horizontal plate of palatine bone) & soft palate

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6
Q

Describe the floor boundary of the oral cavity proper

A

Tongue, alveolar lingual sulcus (under tongue), mylohyoid muscle

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7
Q

T/F - Palatoglossal folds are behind palatopharangeal folds with the palatine tonsils in between.

A

False, palatopharyngeal folds are behind palatoglossal folds

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8
Q

T/F - Palatoglossal folds extend from palate to thyroid (cartilage) lamina and contain palatopharangeal muscle

A

False, its palatopharyngeal folds that extend from palate to thyroid lamina

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9
Q

T/F - the line of contact between lips is oral fissure/fissure

A

True

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10
Q

T/F - Labial commisure forms angle of mouth (usually near first premolar)

A

True

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11
Q

T/F - the order for lips goes from lips -> vermillion border -> mucosa

A

True

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12
Q

T/F - Much of the substance of the lip is muscle

A

True

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13
Q

List the muscles of the lip

A

Orbicularis oris, mentalis, levator labii superioris etc.

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14
Q

T/F - labial salivary glands are superior to muscle

A

False, they are deep

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15
Q

______ are fibrous bands in vestibule connecting lips to gums.

A

Frenulae

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16
Q

Median labial frenulae include the larger ___________________ connecting upper lip & gingiva, smaller _______________ connecting lower lip & gingiva. There may also be lateral frenulae, often rudimentary, adjacent to canines or premolars e.g. _______________.

A

Superior labial frenulum, inferior labial frenulum, buccal frenulum.

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17
Q

Central part of upper lip has a groove - ______

A

philtrum

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18
Q

________ sulcus - nose to corners of lips

A

labionasal/nasolabial

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19
Q

________ ________ - horizontal indentation beneath lower lip

A

Labiomental sulcus/labial groove

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20
Q

__________ - corner of lip to lower border of mandible

A

Labiomarginal sulcus

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21
Q

_________ - a vertical Y shaped fissure on the chin in both soft tissue & underlying bone. The fissure marks the site of fusion of the mandibular processes which fuse very early in embryonic life. This fusion is less complete if there is cleft. Thought to be a single gene with cleft dominant.

A

Chin cleft/ cleft chin

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22
Q

________ - an indentation lateral to corner of lip, usually only visible when the individual smiles ( a series of dissections has indicated that this may be due to bifid zygomaticus major)

A

Cheek dimple

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23
Q

Name blood supply to lips

A
  • Superior & inferior labial arteries (from facial artery)
  • superior and inferior labial veins (to facial vein).
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24
Q

Name innervation of lips

A
  • Sensory- upper lip - infraorbital nerve, lower lip - mental nerve,
  • motor - facial nerve - buccal and marginal mandibular branches
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25
Q

(Cheeks) skin & mucosa with muscle in between (______, _______, ________, _________) & fat (buccal fat pad)

A

buccinator, risorius, zygomaticus major, platysma

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26
Q

(Cheeks) mucosa contains ________ ________ ______ _______ mostly deep to buccinator. There are also 4-5 molar glands which are superficial to buccinator & along parotid duct.

A

small buccal salivary glands

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27
Q

Cheeks have sebaceous glands called _____ _____.

A

Fordyce spots.

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28
Q

(Gingivae) T/F - fibrous mucosa overlying and loosely attached to alveolar bone.

A

False, it is firmly attached

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29
Q

(Gingivae) T/F - contains melanocytes which are active in all individuals

A

False, they are only active in heavily pigmented individuals.

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30
Q

T/F the tongue is partly oral and partly pharyngeal in position - tongue fills oral cavity when mouth is closed.

A

True

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31
Q

T/F - root of tongue is where internal muscles attach tongue to surrounding structures (hyoid, mandible, styloid processes, soft palate and pharynx.)

A

False, external muscles

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32
Q

List the 5 surrounding structures that is attached by external muscles of tongue

A

hyoid, mandible, styloid processes, soft palate & pharynx

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33
Q

(Tongue) Dorsum (upper surface) with palatine (oral/anterior/presulcal) & pharyngeal (posterior/post sulcal) parts with inconspicuous sulcus terminalis & foramen caecum in between. T/F - the two parts have same embryological origins reflected in their same nerve supplies

A

False, they have separate embryological origins and separate nerve supplies.

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34
Q

T/F - apex is pointed tip of the tongue

A

True

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35
Q

List the lingual papillae on the dorsal surface of palatine part of tongue

A
  • Fungiform & filiform lingual papilla
  • 7-12 circumvallate/vallate papilla just anterior to sulcus terminalis. Associated with serous glands (von Ebner’s glands)
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36
Q

T/F - on dorsal surface of palatine part of tongue, the midline groove/median sulcus continues into tongue asa horizontally oriented fibrous/lingual septum

A

False, it is a sagittally oriented fibrous /lingual septum

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37
Q

T/F - there are approximately 10 foliate papillae on each side of palatine part of tongue

A

False, there are 5.

38
Q

T/F - taste buds are located on fungiform, vallate & foliate as well as in soft palate and epiglottis and filiform

A

False, there are none on filiform. Taste buds are also reported on all regions of pharynx and even in upper oesophagus

39
Q

_________ in midline which is an extension of the lingual septum.

A

Frenulum

40
Q

_______ lateral to frenulum

A

Deep lingual veins

41
Q

________ (mucosal folds of unknown function) lateral to veins

A

fimbriated folds

42
Q

________ run on either side of root. ____________ are small elevations on the sublingual folds on either side of base of frenulum with paired openings of submandibular ducts. Sublingual ducts (several per side) are microscopic and mostly open onto sublingual folds.

A

Sublingual folds, sublingual papillae/caruncles.

43
Q

T/F - pharyngeal part of tongue stretches from sulcus terminalis to epiglottis

A

True

44
Q

In pharngeal part of tongue _____________________ just anterior to epiglottis

A

valleculae and median and lateral glossoepiglottic folds

45
Q

Describe lingual tonsils in mucosa of tongue

A

Elevations which overlie lymphoid nodules. there are mucous salivary glands in the mucosa between and beneath the lymphatic nodules. Each elevation is formed by a single nodule & has an indentation into which the ducts of adjacent mucous glands empty.

46
Q

T/F - salivary glands of tongue are mostly serous.

A

False, mostly mucous or seromucous apart from those associated with the vallate papillae (von Ebners glands) which are serous.

47
Q

List the 4 intrinsic muscles of the tongue

A
  • superior longitudinal
  • inferior longitudinal
  • vertical
  • transverse
48
Q

Describe the superior longitudinal intrinsic muscle of the tongue

A
  • fibres run in a sagittal orientation from epiglottis to apex of tongue immediately beneath dorsal mucosa
  • turns apex up
49
Q

Describe the inferior longitudinal intrinsic muscle of the tongue

A
  • in the inferior lateral part of the tongue between hyoglossus and genioglossus and fibres extend from lingual root to apex (tip).
  • Apex down
50
Q

T/F - together the superior and inferior longitudinal intrinsic muscle shortens the tongue together

A

True

51
Q

Describe vertical intrinsic muscle of tongue

A
  • fascia between dorsum of tongue to fascia of ventral surface
  • fibres are oriented vertically
  • flatten and widen tongue
52
Q

Describe the transverse intrinsic muscle of the tongue

A
  • lingual septum to submucosa of the lateral sides of tongue - woven between the superior longitudinal muscle bundles
  • vertical elongation and narrower
53
Q

List the 4 extrinsic muscles of the tongue

A
  • genioglossus
  • hyoglossus
  • styloglossus
  • palatoglossus
54
Q

Describe the genioglossus extrinsic muscle

A
  • from superior genial tubercle/mental spine to fascia of dorsal tongue. A few of the most posteroinferior fibres are attached to hyoid.
  • bilaterally - protrusion or unilaterally - deviate tongue to contralateral side
55
Q

Describe the hyoglossus extrinsic muscle

A
  • body and greater horn hyoid to fascia at side of tongue

- depresses sides of tongue, sucking/retraction.

56
Q

Describe the styloglossus extrinsic muscle

A
  • styloid process to side of tongue - intermingles with hyoglossus
  • tongue up & back during swallowing, elevate sides
57
Q

Describe the palatoglossus extrinsic muscle

A
  • palatal aponeurosis to fascia of lateral tongue
  • elevates tongue, narrows isthmus
  • actually a palatine muscle rather than tongue - NB different innervation to other extrinsic muscles.
58
Q

T/F - lingual artery is a branch of internal carotid artery

A

False, it is a branch of external carotid

59
Q

T/F - lingual artery passes lateral to posterior border of hyoglossus

A

False, it passes medial

60
Q

List the branches of lingual artery

A
  • dorsal lingual
  • deep lingual
  • sublingual
61
Q

What does dorsal lingual artery supply?

A

posterior tongue and tonsil

62
Q

What does deep lingual artery supply?

A

Anterior tongue

63
Q

What does sublingual artery supply?

A

sublingual gland and floor of mouth

64
Q

List branches of lingual vein

A
  • dorsal lingual
  • deep lingual
  • sublingual
65
Q

T/F - lingual vein is often a tributary of internal jugular

A

True

66
Q

What does dorsal lingual vein drain?

A

dorsum and sides of tongue

67
Q

What does deep lingual vein drain?

A

Ventral tongue (seen through ventral mucosa)

68
Q

What does sublingual vein drain?

A

Sublingual salivary gland

69
Q

T/F - tributaries join to form lingual vein deep to hyoglossus and then to external jugular vein

A

False, internal jugular vein

70
Q

Describe general sensation innervation of anterior tongue

A
  • General sensation - lingual nerve (v3)
71
Q

Describe special sensation innervation of anterior tongue

A
  • taste buds (except on vallate papillae) - chorda tympani - branch of facial nerve (CN7) travelling with lingual nerve.
72
Q

Describe innervation of posterior tongue

A
  • general and special sensation - glossopharyngeal (CN9) and vagus (CN10)
73
Q

Describe innervation of taste buds of vallate papillae

A
  • glossopharyngeal (vallate papillae arise from posterior tongue precursors & migrate anteriorly during development taking their nerve supply with them.
74
Q

Describe innervation of intrinsic & extrinsic muscle

A

migrates into tongue later in development - hypoglossal (except palatoglossus which is supplied by pharyngeal plexus)

75
Q

Describe innervation of intrinsic salivary glands

A

parasympathetic supply from chorda tympani

76
Q

Describe innervation of blood vessels in tongue

A

(vasomotor) - sympathetic supply from plexuses on lingual arteries

77
Q

List the lymph drainage of tongue

A
  • superior and inferior deep cervical nodes & submandibular nodes
78
Q

Describe innervation of maxillary gingivae

A
  • outer/buccal/labial gingivae - maxillary nerve - gingival branches of anterior (over incisors and canines), middle (over premolars) & posterosuperior alveolar branches (over molars).
  • inner/lingual/palatine gingivae - greater palatine, nasopalatine
79
Q

Describe innervation of mandibular gingivae

A
  • outer/buccal/labial - sensory buccal branches of mandibular nerve to level first molar (with contributions from inferior alveolar branches - probably variable - also depends on source consulted), mental nerve (over incisors & canines)
  • inner/lingual - lingual
80
Q

Describe innervation of epiglottis and aryepiglottic folds

A

Vagus nerve

81
Q

Describe innervation of soft palate

A

Facial nerve (but via greater petrosal and lesser palatine nerves, NOT chorda tympani)

82
Q

T/F - palate separates oral cavity from nasal cavities

A

True

83
Q

T/F - hard palate’s transverse ridges rugae posteriorly, smooth anteriorly

A

False, smooth posteriorly, rugae anteriorly

84
Q

T/F - soft palate has a midline elevation - raphe (sometimes called a torus if enlarged)

A

False - hard palate

85
Q

T/F - Hard palate is made up of palatine process of palatine bone, horizontal plate of maxilla

A

False - it is made up of palatine process of maxilla, and horizontal plate of palatine bone

86
Q

T/F - hard palate has an incisive papilla at posterior end of raphe overlying incisive canal

A

False, it is at anterior end

87
Q

What is the hamular notch?

A

hamular notch (pterygomaxillary notch) is the notch between the maxillary tuberosity and hamulus of sphenoid bone. An important landmark when making impressions for dentures (dentures should end at the hamular notch and not extend over hamulus)

88
Q

(Hard palate) thick mucosa is covered with __________________________ epithelium, tightly bound to periosteum at ______ & on _____. Between these regions, there is a softer submucosa with mainly ______ tissue anteriorly and mainly ______ ______ posteriorly.

Where submucosa is present: - mostly _____ anteriorly
- predominantly ______ ____ posteriorly .

Many (? all) of these ducts empty on each side into a single large duct which then opens into a _____ (an indentation 2-3mm in diameter). ____ are on either side of the raphe approximately at the junction of hard and soft palate.

A

keratinised stratified squamous, median raphe, gingivae, adipose, mucous glands, adipose, glandular tissue, fovea, fovea

89
Q

(Soft palate)
____________ epithelium on inferior oral surface with taste buds, _______ ____ on upper nasal surface. Within are ___________ glands, _____ aponeurosis and muscle.
- posterior are _____, _________ arches
- lateral are _______ & _______ raphe

A

non-keratinized stratified squamous, respiratory mucosa, palatine mucous, palatal, uvula, palatoglossal, hamulus, pterygomandibular

90
Q

Describe palatine aponeurosis

A
  • a thin fibrous sheet in inferior soft palate,
  • attached to posterior hard palate
  • thicker anteriorly
  • consists of the expanded tendons of tensor palati, other palatine muscles are attached to aponeurosis.

Head and Neck Anatomy (13 decks)

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