Lectures 17

Question 1

______ by ______= in a sequence of layered rocks , any layer is older than the layer next to it

Answer 1

Superposition by Nicholas Steno

Question 2

Exceptions to Superposition 1 & 2

Answer 2

Intrusion and overturned Rock

Question 3

_____= Layers are originally deposited horizontally but the movements

Answer 3

Original horizontality

Question 4

_____ = explains continental drift of the earth alter their orientation

Answer 4

Plate Tectonics

Question 5

_____ are always moving ( spreads from center )

Answer 5

Ocean floors

Question 6

____ = currents move the crustal plates

Answer 6

Convection Currents

Question 7

The earth was transformed by small changes , which many of we see today .

Answer 7

Uniformitarianism by Charles Lyell

Question 8

4 processes that drive change -

Answer 8

erosion , volcanic eruption, organisms , and mineral precipitation

Question 9

What theory does Uniformitarianism contrast ?

Answer 9

Catastrophism

Question 10

Fossilization steps (4)

Answer 10

Death, Sediment cover, sediment becomes rock, rock erosion

Question 11

Fossil record biases = _____ between organismal death and discovery

Answer 11

Fillers

Question 12

What characteristics improve chances of fossilization ?

Answer 12

Hard body, abundant , long persistance , conducive to deposition.

Question 13

Relative fossil ages revealed by _______

Answer 13

Biostratigraphy

Question 14

Absolute dating revealed by _____

Answer 14

Radiometric dating ( note, radiometric dating is not infallible)

Question 15

short and longterm radioactive decay - _____ and _____

Answer 15

Radiocarbon and Uranium

Question 16

Radiocarbon dating limitation =

Answer 16

75k years or less