Lecture 11

Question 1

The shift in the population of peppered moths from 10% dark moths prior to the advent of the industry to 80% dark colored moths after the advent of industry illustrates the process of

Answer 1

Microevolution

Question 2

Microevolution acts ____ a species or population.

Answer 2

Within

Question 3

Macroevolution acts _____ or ______ species level.

Answer 3

At or Above

Question 4

Example of Macroevolution.

Answer 4

Adaptive Radiation resulting in the creation of many new species.

Question 5

(Critique of Macroevolution)

Irreducible Complexity

Answer 5

System composed of several parts that all contribute to a function where removal of one part leads to no function.

Question 6

Critique of Macroevolution

______ is Rarely observed.

Answer 6

Speciation

Question 7

Critique of Macroevolution

________ (periods of evolutionary stasis interspersed by major change) not explained by Darwinian Theory

Answer 7

Punctuated Equilibrium

Question 8

(Rebuttal for Macroevolution) Irreducible complexity
Pieces of complex systems have functions of their own.
Bacterial flagellum: has parts that are very similar to other functional proteins in the organism(_____)
______ range of Complexity still function.
______ can be reduced to two parts.

Answer 8

Basal Body
High range of Complexity
Mousetrap can be reduced to two parts.

Question 9

(Rebuttal for Macroevolution) speciation
Human History spans ______ of biological history.
We have observed speciation in 3 ways 1) in a lab 2) _____. and 3) _______.

Answer 9

< .006%
2-Polyploidization
3-Polyploidization

Question 10

(Rebuttal for Macroevolution) Punctuated Equilibrium

• Punctuation in fossil records can take >10,000 years
• Biochemical changes don’t show up in the fossil records.
• ______ genetic changes result in _____ phenotypic changes.

Answer 10

Slight, Large

Question 11

Control body plans by controlling the anatomical fate of groups of cells ( found in plants/animal/both)

Answer 11

Homeotic Genes

Question 12

Evolution of genes controlling development (encompasses all these terms)

Answer 12

Evo-devo

Question 13

Changes in the relative growth rates of different body parts. ex.______

Answer 13

Allometry , Ex. Skulls in humans and chimps.

Question 14

Sexually mature adults with juvenile morphology ( a type of changes in the timing of reproductive vs somatic development) Ex.______

Answer 14

Paedomorphosis

Axolotl Salamander, and some pets

Question 15

Class of homeotic genes that provide positional information in animal embryos.
ex.______

Answer 15

Hox Genes

ex. Suppresses leg formation in insects.

Question 16

Changes in Rate and Timing ( encompasses Allometry)

Answer 16

Heterochrony

Question 17

Evolution is NOT____

Answer 17

goal oriented

Question 18

Mutation is _____, ______ is not …

Answer 18

Random, Mutation is not

Question 19

evolution is not a ladder from ______ to ____

Answer 19

Simple to complex

Question 20

In comparison to humans, how long have archaea bacteria been evolving ?

Answer 20

Same amount of time.

Question 21

Who’s gone through more evolutionary changes? humans or chimps

Answer 21

Chimps

Question 22

What disproves the 1 hole to 2 hole theory ?

Answer 22

Ctenophores with their complex digestive system.

Question 23

Novel features often arise through intermediate stages , each of which serve a function. Give example.

Answer 23

Partial wings in chicks allows them to travel faster

Question 24

Evolution recycles features and puts them to new use …what defines this

Answer 24

Exaptations

Question 25

Exaptations _______

Ex.

Answer 25

are some features that evolved for reasons that they are not longer used for
Proteins for cell adhesion found in unicellular organisms

Question 26

Evolution leaves baggage behind , ex.?

Answer 26

Rabbit Digestion, and in humans; appendix, trachea, esophagus, blind spot.